The main objective of this thesis is to analyse how fire and fragmentation in Mediterranean habitats affect birds. Each chapter of this work poses questions and hypothesises about the ecological responses of birds to these disturbances. At present, the relationship between avian communities and habitat changes is one of the main areas of interest with respect to bird conservation (Tucker & Evans 1997). Therefore, whenever findings are considered relevant for conservation, special attention has been taken to show the contributions of this research to wildlife management.