After the 1960?s, cancer has become the mainly cause of death in populations from developed countries, and its occurrence is increasing each year in countries in development. Is believed that in 2020, world will have 12 millions of new deaths.For the year of 2005, was esteem for Health Department, the register of 467.440 new cases of the disease, and for Rondônia State was esteem 2230 new cases. Cancer in women represents 56.55% of cases and in men 43.45%. SUS, is responsible for almost 50% of the number of carried through examinations in Rondônia State. Cancer has more incidences in people who are 41 and 80 years old. Col uterus cancer represents 35.86% of cases, and it is the more frequent. In men, skin cancer non melanoma is more frequent, with 27.27% of the cases. Respiratory system cancer is the most mortal in men and women.Rondônia has a high incidence of col uterus cancer. This incidence is three times higher than in United States and European Union. In other cancers more frequents in developed countries, like breast and prostate cancer, Rondônia presents incidence 10 times minor than United States and European Union.There is a deficit in control and prevention of cancer in Rondônia. In the capital, the assistance is a little better than in the interior of the State. With the observed trend of increasing of col uterus cancer, we can observe that public politics of health in the State are not efficient. Maybe, it?s necessary to review the structure of prevention system and oncologic assistance in Rondônia, to finish these deficiencies.