White Rose Research Online
(13.398 recursos)
Este es el repositorio institucional de tres universidades del Reino Unido (York, Leeds y Sheffield), creado con el apoyo de SHERPA. Proporciona acceso a los artículos de investigación de las instituciones.
Mostrando recursos 1 - 20 de 233
1.
Study of the emissions generated at intersections for a SI car under real world urban driving conditions - Li, Hu; Andrews, Gordon E.; Daham, Basil; Bell, Margaret; Tate, James; Ropkins, Karl
A precision in-vehicle tail-pipe emission measurement system was installed in a EURO1 emissions compliant SI car and used to investigate the variability in tail-pipe emission generation at an urban traffic junction. Exhaust gas and skin temperatures were also measured along the exhaust pipe of the instrumented vehicle, so the thermal characteristics and the efficiency of the catalyst monitored could be included in the analysis. Different turning movements (driving patterns) at the priority T-junction were investigated such as straight, left and right turns with and without stops. The test car was hot stable running conditions before each test, thereby negating cold...
2.
Impact of ambient temperatures on exhaust thermal characteristics during cold start for real-world SI car urban driving test - Li, Hu; Andrews, Gordon E.; Zhu, G.; Daham, Basil; Bell, Margaret; Tate, James; Ropkins, Karl
Thermal characteristics of SI engine exhaust during cold start and warm up period were investigated for different ambient temperatures (-2 to 32 °C). A Euro 1 emission compliance SI car was tested using a real world urban driving cycle to represent typical city driving patterns and simulate ECE15 urban driving cycle. The test car was equipped with 27 thermocouples along the engine and exhaust pipes so as to measure metal and exhaust gas temperatures along the engine, exhaust and catalyst. The characteristics of thermal properties of engine, exhaust system and catalyst were studied as a function of warm up time...
3.
Influence of ambient temperature on cold-start emissions for a Euro 1 SI car using in-vehicle emissions measurement in an urban traffic jam test cycle - Andrews, Gordon E.; Li, Hu; Wylie, James A.; Zhu, G.; Bell, Margaret; Tate, James
The influence of ambient temperature on exhaust emissions for an instrumented Euro 1 SI car was determined for urban congested traffic conditions. In UK cities cold-starting vehicles directly into congested traffic conditions is a common occurrence that is not currently taken into account when modeling urban traffic pollution. In-vehicle emission samples were taken directly from the exhaust, upstream and downstream of the catalyst, using the bag sampling technique. The first bag was for the cold start emissions and approximately the first 1.1 km of travel. The following three bags were with a hotter catalyst. The cold start tests were conducted...
4.
Application of a portable FTIR for
measuring on-road emissions - Daham, Basil; Andrews, Gordon E.; Li, Hu; Rosario, Ballesteros; Bell, Margaret; Tate, James; Ropkins, Karl
The objective of this work was the development of an onroad
in-vehicle emissions measurement technique
utilizing a relatively new, commercial, portable Fourier
Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectrometer capable of
identifying and measuring (at approximately 3 second
intervals) up to 51 different compounds. The FTIR was
installed in a medium class EURO1 spark ignition
passenger vehicle in order to measure on-road
emissions. The vehicle was also instrumented to allow
the logging of engine speed, road speed, global position,
throttle position, air-fuel ratio, air flow and fuel flow in
addition to engine, exhaust and catalyst temperatures.
This instrumentation allowed the calculation of massbased
emissions from the volume-based concentrations
measured by the FTIR. To validate the FTIR data,...
5.
The effect of ambient temperature on cold start urban traffic
emissions for a real world SI car - Andrews, Gordon E.; Zhu, G.; Li, Hu; Simpson, Alex; Wylie, James A.; Bell, Margaret; Tate, James
The influence of ambient temperature on exhaust
emissions for an instrumented Euro 1 SI car was
determined. A real world test cycle was used, based on
an urban drive cycle that was similar to the ECE urban
drive cycle. It was based on four laps of a street circuit
and an emissions sample bag was taken for each lap.
The bag for the first lap was for the cold start emissions.
An in-vehicle direct exhaust dual bag sampling
technique was used to simultaneously collect exhaust
samples upstream and downstream of the three-way
catalyst (TWC). The cold start tests were conducted
over a year, with ambient temperatures ranging from
2°C to 32°C....
6.
Oil quality in diesel engines with on line oil cleaning using a heated lubricating oil recycler - Gordon, Andrews; Li, Hu; Xu, Jie; Jones, M.H; Hall, J.; Rahman, A.A.; Saykali, S
A method of cleaning the oil on line was investigatedusing a bypass fine particulate filter followed by an infra
red heater to remove water and light diesel fractions in
the oil. This was tested on a range of on road vehicles
and a Ford 1.8 litre IDI passenger car engine on a test
bed. Comparison was made with the oil quality on the
same vehicles and engines without the on-line recycler.
Test times were from 200 to 1500 hours of oil ageing and
some of the tests showed that the oil quality was still
good after 4 times the normal oil life. The results showed
that the on line...
7.
Improvements in lubricating oil quality by an on line oil recycler for a refuse truck using in service testing - Andrews, Gordon; Li, Hu; Jones, M.H.; Hall, James; Rahman, A.A.; Mawson, P.
A method of cleaning lubricating oil on line was investigated using a fine bypass particulate filter followed by an infra red heater. Two bypass filter sizes of 6 and 1 micron were investigated, both filter sizes were effective but the one micron filter had the greatest benefit. This was tested on two nominally identical EURO 1 emissions compliance refuse trucks, fitted with Perkins Phazer 210Ti 6 liter turbocharged intercooled engines and coded as RT320 and RT321. These vehicles had lubricating oil deterioration and emissions characteristics that were significantly different, in spite of their similar age and total mileage. RT321 showed...
8.
The influence of an oil recycler on emissions with oil age for a refuse truck using in service testing - Andrews, G.E.; Li, H.; Hall, J.; Rahman, A.A.; Mawson, P.
A method of cleaning lubricating oil on line was
investigated using a fine bypass particulate filter followed
by an infra red heater. Two bypass filter sizes of 6 and 1
micron were investigated, both filter sizes were effective
but the one micron filter had the greatest benefit. This
was tested on two nominally identical EURO 1 emissions
compliance refuse trucks, fitted with Perkins Phazer
210Ti 6 litre turbocharged intercooled engines and coded
as RT320 and RT321. These vehicles had emissions
characteristics that were significantly different, in spite of
their similar age and total mileage. RT321 showed an
apparent heavier black smoke than RT320. Comparison
was made with the emissions on the same...
9.
Effects of an on line bypass oil recycler on emissions with oil age for a bus using in service testing - Andrews, G.E.; Li, H.; Hall, J.; Rahman, A.A.; Mawson, P.
A method of cleaning lubricating oil on line was
investigated using a fine bypass particulate filter
followed by an infra red heater. Two bypass filter
sizes of 6 and 1 micron were investigated, both filter
sizes were effective but the one micron filter had the
greatest benefit. This was tested on two nominally
identical EURO 2 emissions compliance single
decker buses, fitted with Cummins 6 cylinder 8.3 litre
turbocharged intercooled engines and coded as Bus
4063 and 4070. These vehicles had emissions
characteristics that were significantly different, in
spite of their similar age and total mileage. Bus 4063
showed an apparent deterioration on emissions with
time while Bus 4070 showed a stabilised trend...
10.
Microsegregation and inclusion development during the casting of steel - Howe, A.A.
The enrichment of composition in the residual liquid during solidification is of itself an important parameter regarding the fitness for purpose of the alloy and, furthermore, will have a major influence on the precipitates and oxide inclusions that can nucleate and/or grow in the mushy zone. Corus sought a relatively simple, rapid model for this microsegregation and its associated inclusion type and size, for predictions across the thickness of continuously cast steels, suitable for use in
conjunction with macro-models but demonstrably superior to the use of analytical equations. Notably, the analytical equations employ constant temperature equilibrium and diffusivity data for a...
11.
Understanding the formation of twinned dendrites (feather grains) - Mullis, A.M.
The phenomenon of feather grain growth is interesting from both a theoretical and commercial point of view. Here we report the results of phase-field simulations aimed at understanding the formation of twinned dendrites. We show that, while a competition between oppositely directed capillary and kinetic anisotropies with a simple four-fold symmetry can produce low anisotropy structures such as dendritic seaweed, there is no indication that this can give rise to twinned dendrites. In contrast, adding small components of an anisotropy, with higher order harmonics, can produce features reminiscent of twinned dendrites and may also be able to stabilise the grooved...
12.
Boubacar Boris Diop au post-colonial? Editions et tendances au Sénégal aujourdhui - Small, A.
Les critiques postcoloniaux anglophones se félicitent aujourdhui de lengagement
accru quils perçoivent chez leurs collègues francophones avec le postcolonialisme et la
théorie postcoloniale ; et depuis une dizaine dannées plusieurs textes et colloques ont
témoigné de la fécondité de ces engagements qui promettent douvrir de nouvelles pistes
de recherche et de collaboration internationales. Nous voilà à loccasion du colloque de
Tamanrasset, par contre, réunis pour un débat qui pose plutôt la question de "sortir du
postcolonial", donc soit den finir avec le postcolonial pour de bon, soit de nous replacer
au sortir du postcolonial. Est-il donc question de rouvrir le débat jamais clos sur les fairepart
respectives de...
13.
Social policy and international interventions in South East Europe: conclusions - Deacon, Bob; Lendvai, Noemi; Stubbs, Paul
This book has brought together three fields of study; that concerned with the role of international actors and their influence on national polices; changes taking place to social policies in the context of globalisation, transnationalism and Europeanisation; and the political transformations taking place in South Eastern Europe. It has reported the results of empirical investigations into recent changes in social policy in the region and the ways in which transnational actors are influencing these changes.
We divide this concluding chapter into three parts. The first part summarises the actual developments in social policy in the countries of the region and...
14.
Urban road user charging and workplace parking levies - Bonsall, P.W.; Milne, D.S.
In this chapter we will briefly describe the provision made for the introduction of road user charging and workplace parking levies in the Transport Act 2000 and equivalent legislation for London and Scotland. After reviewing the background to these provisions, we will discuss the practical issues and policy questions which arise for any local authority wishing to take advantage of their new powers. Our discussion will draw attention to developments that have occurred since the passing of the Act and conclude on the prospects for charging schemes in the UK.
15.
Reducing Urban Pollution Exposure from Road Transport(RUPERT) - Bell, M.C.; Namdeo, A.K.; Chen, H.; Ashmore, M.R.; Terry, A.C.; Dimitroulopoulou, S.
This paper presents the preliminary results of a two-year study on reducing urban pollution exposure from road transport (RUPERT). The main aim of this project
is to develop a new modelling framework for nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulate matter to simulate exposures of different population groups
across a city, and to assess the impact of roadside concentrations on these exposures. This will be achieved by modelling the frequency distribution of
personal exposures (PEFDs) as a function of urban background and roadside concentrations, under different traffic conditions. The modelling approach combines new and existing models relating traffic and air pollution data, with particular...
16.
Evidence for Late Devonian (Kellwasser) anoxic events in the Great Basin, western United States - Bond, D.; Wignall, P.B.
The Frasnian-Famennian (Late Devonian) mass extinction has often been related to the development of the Kellwasser anoxic events in Europe and North Africa but the synchronous development of the anoxia has not been reported from the Great Basin of the western United States. An integrated sedimentological, palaeoecological, and pyrite petrographic study has been undertaken on a range of F-F boundary sections from Nevada and Utah spanning a spectrum of carbonate and clastic depositional environments from distal basin, base-of-slope, mid-slope, and intrashelf basin settings. These reveal a range of facies from oxic strata, fully bioturbated and lacking any pyrite, to euxinic...
17.
Defining Petrophysical Units of the Palmer Deep Sites from Leg 178 - Hatfield, K.L.; Evans, A.J.; Harvey, P.K.
Palmer Deep, on the inner continental shelf southwest of Anvers
Island off the Antarctic Peninsula, is a glacially overdeepened basin
consisting of three subbasins. Two sites, 1098 and 1099, were drilled in
the Palmer Deep area.
A high-resolution porosity curve has been calculated from density
data and subsequently plotted against the shipboard lithologic logs.
These new data correspond accurately to the lithologic logs, magnetic
susceptibility, and gamma ray attenuation (GRA) density data and offer
information on the heterogeneity of the sediments.
Petrophysical groups have been generated to investigate interrelationships
between different physical attributes. To develop these petrophysical
groups, crossplots of the available physical properties data
were performed. The results for the GRA...
18.
An Argument for Animalism - Olson, E.T.
The view that we are human animals, "animalism", is deeply unpopular. This
paper explains what that claim says and why it is so contentious. It then
argues that those who deny it face an awkward choice. They must either
deny that there are any human animals, deny that human animals can think,
or deny that we are the thinking things located where we are.
19.
Pagans and Christians at the frontier: Viking burial in the Danelaw - Richards, J.D.
[FIRST PARAGRAPH] The Vikings are the victims of cultural stereotyping (see e.g. Wawn 2000). In the popular imagination they provide the comic-book archetypal pagans: marauding shaggy war bands living and dying by the sword, with no respect for person or property, and least of all for the hallowed monasteries and clerics of Anglo-Saxon England. They worshipped violent and unforgiving Gods who inhabited the dark places of Northern Europe and they sacrificed animals and humans with complete disregard for Christian ethics. The Viking warrior aspired to the glorious death which would convey him on the journey to Valhalla where he would...
20.
Improved AURA k-nearest neighbour approach - Weeks, M.; Hodge, V.; O'Keefe, S.; Austin, J.; Lees, K.
The k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN) approach is a widely-used technique for pattern classification. Ranked distance measurements to a known sample set determine the classification of unknown samples. Though effective, kNN, like most classification methods does not scale well with increased sample size. This is due to their being a relationship between the unknown query and every other sample in the data space. In order to make this operation scalable, we apply AURA to the kNN problem. AURA is a highly-scalable associative-memory based binary neural-network intended for high-speed approximate search and match operations on large unstructured datasets. Previous work has seen AURA...
1.
