White Rose Research Online
(13.407 recursos)
Este es el repositorio institucional de tres universidades del Reino Unido (York, Leeds y Sheffield), creado con el apoyo de SHERPA. Proporciona acceso a los artículos de investigación de las instituciones.
Mostrando recursos 1 - 20 de 104
1.
Satellite Navigation Technology Applications for Intelligent Transport Systems: A European Perspective. - Firmin, P.E.
This paper focuses on real-world applications of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in the field of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). The key advantages offered by satellite technology of observation, telecommunications and navigation, are highly suited to the needs of future transport systems of all kinds. The paper will outline the various current European based applications of satellite navigation systems to intelligent transport systems, drawing on recent European telematic research project findings and good case study examples of early system implementation throughout Europe.
With regards to recent EU research, the paper will give an overview of current cutting edge transport research and...
2.
Using Travel Simulation to Investigate Driver Response to In-Vehicle Route Guidance Systems, - Firming, P.E.; Budhiraja, H.
A major application for developed satellite navigation systems is the in-vehicle route guidance market. As systems become cheaper to purchase and easier to install and indeed car manufacturers begin to fit the equipment as standard in new vehicles, the potential market for such systems in the developed world is massive. But what are the consequences of giving navigational assistance to car drivers? How will drivers respond to this information? Such information is liable to have a big impact upon driver route choice behaviour and is also subject to their interpretation of the guidance and action upon receiving it. This response...
3.
The AVTUNE Noise Model - Goodman, P.; Bell, M.; Hodges, N.
This article briefly describes the implementation of a new road traffic noise prediction facility, AVTUNE (Airviro Traffic and Urban Noise Evaluator) within the framework of the existing Airviro pollution management system. The joint noise and air quality modelling system forms a major component of the Leicester element of the European Union Fifth Framework project, HEAVEN (Healthier Environment through the Abatement of Vehicle Emissions and Noise).
The noise model itself has been broken down into two major components: the SNEM (Source Noise Emissions Module) that works in quasi real-time and compliments the Airviro systems ability to acquire directly from Leicesters UTC (Urban...
4.
Assessing New Transport Policy Instruments - Jopson, A.
This research examines the contribution of an explanatory model of behaviour to understanding response to a new transport policy instrument. The travel demand management technique; individualised marketing campaigns (IMCs; a form of personalised journey planning) are considered. IMCs are voluntary and are used to reduce car use where there is excess demand, or current levels of demand make it difficult to meet environmental and social policy objectives. However, reducing car use, which has many benefits and can be habitual, without penalties, which can be politically unacceptable, is slow and sometimes results in small amounts of behaviour change. One reason may...
5.
The Role of Norms in Mode Choice - Jopson, A.
The research reported here considers the role of attitudes, norms and control in transport mode choice, specifically attempts to reduce car use through individualised marketing campaigns. Much work to reduce car use focuses on the provision of information. Often, this information is concerned with persuading people of the need to reduce car use, and increasing their awareness of the alternatives available. It is hoped that the information provided will change individuals attitudes towards car use and the use of alternatives, and thus cause them to reduce their car use (i.e., change their behaviour). The most sophisticated projects will tailor information...
6.
Wheel material wear mechanisms and transitions - Lewis, R.; Dwyer-Joyce, R.S.; Olofsson, U.; Hallam, R.I.
In order to develop more durable wheel materials to cope with the new specifications being imposed on wheel wear, a greater understanding is needed of the wear mechanisms and transitions occurring in wheel steels, particularly at higher load and slip conditions. In this work wear assessment of wheel materials is discussed as well as wear rates, regimes and transitions. Twin disc wear testing, used extensively for studying wear of wheel and rail materials, has indicated that three wear regimes exist for wheel materials; mild, severe and catastrophic. These have been classified in terms of wear rate and features. Wear rates...
7.
Ultrasonic characterisation of wheel hub/axle interference fit pressures - Marhsall, M.B.; Lewis, R.; Dwyer-Joyce, R.S.; Demilly, F.; Flament, Y.
Railway wheels are secured onto the axle by means of an interference fit. The wheel is press fitted onto a pre-lubricated axle, and the resulting interference fit induces a contact pressure at the interface. Occasionally railway wheels fail by fatigue, with the initiation point for the failure frequently traced to the interference fit. The aim of this work is to use ultrasonic reflection to non-destructively determine contact conditions in the interference fit.
The rough surface contact at the interference fit interface behaves like a spring. If the contact pressure is high the interface is conformal with few air gaps, the...
8.
Measuring wheel/rail contact stresses using ultrasound - Marhsall, M.B.; Lewis, R.; Dwyer-Joyce, R.S.; Olofsson, O.; Bjorklund, S.
The investigation of contact area and pressure distribution in a wheel/rail contact is essential information required in fatigue and wear calculations to determine design life, regrinding requirements, and maintenance schedules. The aim of this work was to use ultrasound to non-destructively determine wheel/rail contact pressures. Three different contacts were investigated those resulting from; un-used, sand damaged, and worn wheel/rail specimens.
A wheel/rail interface behaves like a spring. If the pressure is high the interface is very stiff, with few air gaps, and allows the transmission of an ultrasonic sound wave. If the pressure is low, interfacial stiffness is low and...
9.
A new CAE procedure for railway wheel tribological design - Lewis, R.; Dwyer-Joyce, R.S.; Bruni, S.; Ekberg, A.; Cavalletti, M.; Bel Knani, K.
New demands are being imposed on railway wheel wear and reliability to increase the time between wheel reprofiling, improve safety and reduce total wheelset lifecycle costs. In parallel with these requirements, changes in railway vehicle missions are also occurring. These have led to the need to operate rolling stock on track with low as well as high radius curves; increase speeds and axle loads; and contend with a decrease in track quality due to a reduction in maintenance. These changes are leading to an increase in the severity of the wheel/rail contact conditions, which may increase the likelihood of wear...
10.
Understanding and extending the role of social identity in social policy : the potential for identification between policy maker and service user - Hunter, S.
[First Paragraph] The concept of social identity is important in policy analysis as it can contribute to a more complex understanding of both individual and collective agency. This paper is based on research which aims to use this concept to understand the role of welfare service providers in developing health and social care services potentially more appropriate to users needs¹. Drawing on the work of Taylor (1998) and Williams (2000), the paper outlines a three part model of social identity as ontological categorical relational, and explains how this is useful to exploring the agency of welfare service users....
11.
Negotiating professional and social voices : gendered, racialised and professional connection and differentiation in primary care organisations - Hunter, S.
[First Paragraphs] The project discussed in this paper is a qualitative interview based study which explores the subjective gendered and racialised professional identifications of health and social care professionals1. Participants for the project were drawn from recently formed Primary Care Trusts.
There is increasingly wide recognition that institutional racism and sexism occur within health and social care, with a number of policy responses which attempt to counteract these tendencies (NHSE, 2000; NHSE, 2001). However the relationship between institutional and personal racism and sexism within health and social care is ambiguous. Charges of the unwitting or unconscious reproduction of sexist and...
12.
Proposal to the Council of the British Psychological Society for the formation of a new Section of the Society on Qualitative Methods in Psychology - Madill, A.; Todd, Z.
[FIRST PARAGRAPH] In this proposal we argue that qualitative psychology is growing in popularity and that there is a need to support this development within the framework of the British Psychological Society as qualitative psychologists have a set of unique, identifiable, and specific needs. We envisage this support in the form of a Section on Qualitative Methods in Psychology that will provide a focus for researchers interested in qualitative approaches.
13.
The logsum as an evaluation measure: review of the literature and new results - de Jong, G.; Daly, A.J.; Pieters, M.; van der Hoorn, A.I.J.M.
The logsum is a measure of consumer surplus in the context of logit choice models. In spite of the very frequent use of logit models in transport, project assessment is only rarely done using logsums. Instead in project evaluation or appraisal, changes in transport costs and time (borrowing values of time from some source) are commonly used to get the traveller benefits. The paper contains a review of the theoretical and applied literature on the use of logsums as a measure of consumer surplus change in project appraisal and evaluation. It then goes on to describe a case study with...
14.
The Leeds Adaptive Stated Preference Methodology - Fowkes, A.S.; Shinghal, N.
The objective of this paper is to present for the first time a full description of the current version of the Leeds Adaptive Stated Preference (LASP) methodology. This is illustrated with an example relating to a developing country, India. Although there were funds only for a modestly sized survey, LASP proved capable of providing valuable guidance to freight operators there. This paper first explains the working of the Leeds Adaptive Stated Preference software and then presents brief details of the survey and the data analysis.
15.
Multimedia repositories in learning and teaching lessons from the MIDESS Project - Emly, Michael; Charles, Stephen
The MIDESS project brought together 4 UK universities to explore the management of digitised content through the development of a digital repository infrastructure. The project focused on multimedia materials in particular and looked at how support can be provided for their use in a learning and research context and how resources can be shared both within and between institutions.
Three repositories were implemented, using Fedora, DSpace and Digitool respectively. Material suitable for ingest was identified and the dialogue with academic partners in each institution helped clarify not only the complexity of the interactions required but also the value of the...
16.
OAIS as a reference model for repositories : an evaluation - Allinson, Julie
The purpose of this document is to evaluate "whether OAIS is an appropriate reference model for use across the variety of repositories being developed within the JISC community" (Campbell 2005, p. 11). It follows on from discussions at the repositories strand of the JISC-CETIS Conference 2005 and the CETIS Metadata and Repositories SIG meeting held subsequently in March 2006.
The Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS) has proved an extremely useful model in relation to 'archival systems. This evaluation will consider the benefits and drawbacks of applying the OAIS across repositories in a more generic way, with reference...
17.
Quantum conductance of homogeneous and inhomogeneous interacting electron systems - Bokes, P.; Jung, J.; Godby, R.W.
We obtain the conductance of a system of electrons connected to leads, within time-dependent density-functional theory, using a direct relation between the conductance and the density response function. Corrections to the non-interacting conductance appear as a consequence of the functional form of the exchange-correlation kernel at small frequencies and wavevectors. The simple adiabatic local-density approximation and non-local density-terms in the kernel both give rise to significant corrections in general. In the homogeneous electron gas, the former correction remains significant, and leads to a failure of linear-response theory for densities below a critical value.
18.
Automatic organisation of retrieved images into a hierarchy - Sanderson, M.; Tian, J.; Clough, P.
Image retrieval is of growing interest to both search engines and academic researchers with increased focus on both content-based and
caption-based approaches. Image search, however, is different from document retrieval: users often search a broader set of retrieved
images than they would examine returned web pages in a search engine. In this paper, we focus on a concept hierarchy generation
approach developed by Sanderson and Croft in 1999, which was used to organise retrieved images in a hierarchy automatically
generated from image captions. Thirty participants were recruited for the study. Each of them conducted two different kinds of
searching tasks within the system. Results indicated...
19.
The infinite disk : challenges from no limitations - Sanderson, M.
Challenge:
Managing and searching across multi-terabyte and potentially multi-petabyte personal stores of multimedia
information.
20.
Effects of pre-hydration on hydraulic properties on Portland cement and synthetic clinker phases - Dubina, Elina; Sieber, Roland; Plank, Johann; Black, Leon
The ageing of cements (CEM I 52,5 R and API Oilwell Class G) and also the pure cement clinker minerals (C3S, pure C3A, Na2O-doped C3A, C4AF and calcium sulphate hemihydrate) has been studied at 60% and 85% RH using in-situ XRD, calorimetry, ESEM, XPS and FTIR-ATR. This combination of techniques has identified the key components involved in the surface pre-hydration process. Pre-hydration of cement leads to retardation of hydration. In-situ XRD shows the retardation of Portlandite formation after prehydration, which explains the heat development seen via calorimetry. XPS and ESEM investigations show surface modification after prehydration for C3S, C3A and...
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