White Rose Research Online
(13.411 recursos)
Este es el repositorio institucional de tres universidades del Reino Unido (York, Leeds y Sheffield), creado con el apoyo de SHERPA. Proporciona acceso a los artículos de investigación de las instituciones.
Mostrando recursos 1 - 20 de 57
1.
Systematic review of interventions to increase
participation of cancer patients in randomised
controlled trials - McDaid, C.; Hodges, Z.; Fayter, D.; Stirk, L.; Eastwood, A.
Background
There are many barriers to patient participation in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of
cancer treatments. To increase participation in trials, strategies need to be identified to
overcome these barriers. The National Cancer Research Network (NCRN) commissioned a
systematic review of the evidence-base for interventions to increase cancer patient
participation in trials.
Aim
To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to overcome barriers to participation in RCTs
of cancer treatments.
Methods
Fifteen electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and System for
Information and Grey Literature in Europe, and Science and Social Science Citation Index
were searched from inception to January 2005 for published and unpublished studies in any
language. Bibliographies of potentially relevant articles...
2.
Undertaking systematic reviews of research on effectiveness: CRD's guidance for carrying out or commissioning reviews - Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York
In this document, the framework for carrying out systematic
reviews is described in three stages: planning, reviewing and
disseminating. The need for a review should be established
before commissioning or commencing review work. The
methodology of the review should be documented and working
arrangements should be put in place to ensure that the
methods can be followed. Finally, there should be a strategy
for putting together a report of the review and disseminating
its findings to relevant audiences, and if possible, updating the
review.
The stages of a review and the phases within them are
described consecutively. However, this chronology may vary
during the review. It will not always be possible to...
3.
Improving access to cost-effectiveness information for health care decision making:
the NHS Economic Evaluation Database - Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York
This report summarises the methods used to develop NHS EED, the progress made so far, and ways
to access and search the database. It provides details of how studies are identified for inclusion,
criteria for inclusion/exclusion of studies, and the guidance that the Project has developed for reporting
critical abstracts of economic evaluations. Further information (explanatory notes and suggested
reading lists) are provided in the appendices.
4.
A pilot study of 'Informed Choice' leaflets on positions in labour and routine ultrasound - Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York
The background to this pilot project is the growing enthusiasm for informed user choice and evidence-based practice in NHS maternity care. This is leading to various attempts to provide those who work in the maternity services with the kind of information that can advance both informed choice and more appropriate and 'scientific' forms of intervention.
The Midwives's Information and Resource Service (MIDIRS) and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) have developed a set of 'Informed Choice' leaflets for pregnant women and for professionals which they wish to evaluate. These leaflets cover a variety of topics, and each leaflet for...
5.
A systematic review of the interventions for the prevention and treatment of obesity, and the maintenance of weight loss - Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York
This review was commissioned by the Research and Development Division of the
Department of Health to inform the work of the Nutrition Unit by identifying the
current state of knowledge of obesity, and to highlight future research needs. The
document aims to summarise the evidence about the effectiveness of interventions in
preventing and treating obesity, and the maintenance of weight loss, from randomised
controlled trials. It focuses on behavioural, dietary, exercise, surgical,
pharmacological and complementary interventions.
6.
Fluoridation of Drinking Water: a systematic review of its efficacy and safety - McDonagh, M.; Whiting, P.; Bradley, M.; Cooper, J.; Sutton, A.; Chestnutt, I.; Misso, K.; Wilson, P.; Treasure, E.; Kleijnen, J.
This systematic review has been commissioned by the Chief Medical Officer of the Department
Health to carry out an up to date expert scientific review of fluoride and health (Paragraph
Healthier Nation).
Overall, the aim has been to assess the evidence on the positive and negative effects of population
wide drinking water fluoridation strategies to prevent caries. To achieve this aim five objectives
identified:
Objective 1: What are the effects of fluoridation of drinking water supplies on the incidence of
Objective 2: If water fluoridation is shown to have beneficial effects, what is the effect over and
that offered by the use of alternative interventions and strategies?
Objective 3:...
7.
Predictors of delay in seeking medical help in patients with suspected heart attack, and interventions to reduce delay: A systematic review. - Hewitt, A.K.; Kainth, A.; Pattenden, J.; Sowden, A.; Duffy, S.; Watt, I.; Lewin, R.; Thompson, D.R.
BACKGROUND:
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK for both men
and women, with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) being the most frequently identified cause of
mortality.
Thrombolytic therapy in the early hours of an AMI provides considerable risk reduction in terms of
damage to the heart and, depending on the agent used, leads to beneficial effects in survival. The
effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy is dependent on prompt administration, which has led to
increasing attention on the period between the onset of symptoms and treatment. Three different
components are involved: patient decision time, transport time, and hospital time from admission to
treatment....
8.
Access to the online evidence base: a survey of the Northern and Yorkshire region - Wilson, P.; Glanville, J.; Watt, I.
AIMS: To assess the awareness and use of NHSnet within general practice and to investigate the presence of skills necessary to maximise the benefits of NHSnet connections.
METHODS: Postal questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews.
PARTICIPANTS: General practice and Primary Care Trust staff.
RESULTS: At least one completed questionnaire was obtained from 65% of the general practices surveyed, and the individual response rate to the general practice survey was 44%.
90% of all respondents reported that their practice was connected to NHSnet, with 59% of respondents reporting that they use NHSnet at least once a week. Whilst NHSnet is most commonly used to search...
9.
Scoping review of sabotage and/or tampering in the NHS - Bagnall, A.; Wilby, J.; Glanville, J.; Sowden, A.
A scoping review on sabotage or tampering (within the NHS) with intent to injure was commissioned
by the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA). This followed reports of blocked anaesthetic tubing
during surgical procedures, which could have been the result of deliberate sabotage.
OBJECTIVES:
To undertake a scoping review of the literature relating to:
1. sabotage or tampering, with intent to injure, of equipment or medical products by staff,
patients, carers or anyone else with access.
2. solutions that help to minimise the risk of sabotage or tampering.
Literature from fields other than healthcare were considered relevant. The aim of the scoping review
was to map the literature relating to...
10.
A systematic review of cancer waiting time audits - Lewis, R.; Collins, R.; Flynn, A.; Dean, M.E.; Myers, L.; Wilson, P.; Eastwood, A.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the implementation and effectiveness of the two-week waiting time
policy for cancer referrals and to inform a review of the cancer referral guidelines by NICE.
DESIGN: Systematic review of clinical audits conducted in England and Wales.
SEARCH: Key staff in all NHS Trusts, Strategic Health Authorities, Cancer Networks and
relevant professional organisations in England were contacted and asked to provide details
of all cancer waiting time audits conducted since 1st April 1999. Searches of the Internet and
of a range of electronic databases were also undertaken. Conference proceedings were
hand searched.
SELECTION OF STUDIES: Obtained audit reports (sometimes only available as an abstract or
slide presentation)...
11.
Systematic review of the clinical and cost effectiveness of ultrasound in screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns - Woolacott, N.; Puhan, M.A.; Misso, K.; Steurer, J.; Kleijnen, J.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness, clinical impact and costeffectiveness
of ultrasound in screening of newborns for developmental dysplasia of the hip
(DDH).
METHODS
This systematic review of the evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of
ultrasound screening of newborns for detecting DDH addressed the following questions:
1. What is the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in screening of newborns for DDH?
2. What is the impact of ultrasound in screening of newborns for DDH on the therapeutic
decisions and on patient outcomes?
3. What is the cost-effectiveness of ultrasound in screening of newborns for DDH?
4. What is the evidence relating to questions 1,2 and 3...
12.
Diagnostic value of systematic prostate biopsy methods in the investigation for prostate cancer: a systematic review - Eichler, K.; Wilby, J.; Hempel, S.; Myers, L.; Kleijnen, J.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic performance of systematic prostate biopsy schemes in men
scheduled for biopsy due to suspected prostate cancer.
DESIGN: Systematic review
DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases, reference lists of included studies, relevant urological journals,
and experts.
REVIEW METHODS: We included studies that compared the cancer yield of a systematic prostate biopsy
scheme (index test) with any systematic reference scheme in the same population of men. We
excluded studies that did not compare the tests in the same population, non-systematic biopsies, and
computer simulation studies. The primary measure of comparison between index test (in general the
standard sextant scheme) and reference test was the relative positivity rate (RPR)...
13.
Systematic review of barriers, modifiers and benefits involved in participation in cancer clinical trials - Fayter, D.; McDaid, C.; Ritchie, G.; Stirk, L.; Eastwood, A.
AIM
Our aim was to undertake a systematic review of the relevant literature relating to the barriers,
modifiers and benefits involved in participating in randomised controlled trials of cancer
therapies as perceived by health professionals and patients.
METHODS
A scoping review was conducted to identify existing systematic reviews in the area of patient
participation in clinical trials. Potentially relevant reviews were identified, data extracted and
quality assessed. On assessment of the methodology of the existing reviews it was felt that
Prescott et al1 was sufficiently rigorous to form a basis for the early research literature (searches
ended in 1996). Once the full search strategy for primary studies had been...
14.
Systematic review of interventions to increase participation of cancer patients in randomised controlled trials - McDaid, C.; Hodges, Z.; Fayter, D.; Stirk, L.; Eastwood, A.
BACKGROUND
There are many barriers to patient participation in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of
cancer treatments. To increase participation in trials, strategies need to be identified to
overcome these barriers. The National Cancer Research Network (NCRN) commissioned a
systematic review of the evidence-base for interventions to increase cancer patient
participation in trials.
AIM
To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to overcome barriers to participation in RCTs
of cancer treatments.
METHODS
Fifteen electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and System for
Information and Grey Literature in Europe, and Science and Social Science Citation Index
were searched from inception to January 2005 for published and unpublished studies in any
language. Bibliographies of potentially relevant articles...
15.
The Effects on Waiting Times of
Expanding Provider Choice:
evidence from a policy experiment - Dawson, D.; Gravelle, H.; Jacobs, R.; Martin, S.; Smith, P.C.
Long waiting times for inpatient treatment in the UK National Health Service have long been a
source of great popular and political concern, and therefore a target for policy initiatives. One
such is the London Patient Choice Project, under which patients at risk of breaching inpatient
waiting time targets were offered the choice of an alternative hospital with a guaranteed
shorter wait. This paper uses a difference in difference econometric methodology to infer the
impact of the choice project on ophthalmology waiting times. In line with our theoretical
predictions, it finds that the project led to lower average waiting times in the London region
and a convergence...
16.
Description of the benefit catalogue, England - Mason, A.R.; Smith, P.C.
[FIRST PARAGRAPHS]
The legal framework, within which the National Health Service (NHS) operates, impacts on all six
categories of the International Classification for Health Accounts (ICHA). However, duties and
powers given by the law are not absolute, but tempered by powers of discretion and by the right to
take resource availability into account. For example, the duty to provide services is subject to the
Secretary of States judgement of what is necessary to meet all reasonable requirements (Secretary
of State for Health, 1977);(s. 3). Strictly speaking, this means that patients have no entitlement to
specific services.
Case law has established that NHS organisations may not operate a blanket...
17.
Do the incentive payments in the new NHS contract for primary care reflect likely population health gains? - Fleetcroft, R.; Cookson, R.
Objective:
The new contract for primary care in the UK offers fee-for-service payments for a
wide range of activities in a quality outcomes framework, with payments designed to reflect
likely workload. This study aims to explore the link between these financial incentives and the
likely population health gains.
Methods:
The study examines a subset of eight preventive interventions covering 38 of the
81 clinical indicators in the quality framework. The maximum payment for each service was
calculated and compared with the likely population health gain in terms of lives saved per
100,000 population based on evidence from McColl et al. (1998).
Results:
Maximum payments for the eight interventions...
18.
The value of implementation and the value of information: combined and uneven development - Fenwick, E.; Claxton, K.; Sculpher, M.
Aim:
In a budget constrained healthcare system the decision to invest in strategies to
improve the implementation of cost-effective technologies must be made alongside decisions
regarding investment in the technologies themselves and investment in further research. This
paper presents a single, unified framework that simultaneously addresses the problem of
allocating funds between these separate but linked activities.
Methods:
The framework presents a simple 4 state world where both information and
implementation can be either at the current level or perfect. Through this framework it is
possible to determine the maximum return to further research and an upper bound on the
value of adopting implementation strategies. The framework is...
19.
Developing new approaches to measuring NHS outputs and productivity - Dawson, D.; Gravelle, H.; O'Mahony, M.; Street, A.; Weale, M.; Castelli, A.; Jacobs, R.; Kind, P.; Loveridge, P.; Martin, S.; Stevens, P.; Stokes, L.
[FIRST PARAGRAPHS]
In March 2004 the Department of Health commissioned a research team from the
Centre for Health Economics at the University of York and the National Institute for
Economic and Social Research to develop new approaches to measuring NHS outputs
and productivity. The research objectives were development of:
A comprehensive measure of NHS outputs and productivity
Methods to facilitate regular in-year analysis of NHS productivity
Output measures capable of measuring efficiency and productivity at sub-national
levels.
The research team was also asked to co-operate with The Atkinson Review on
measurement of government output and productivity for the national accounts.
Three interim reports on this research were produced...
20.
The main methodological issues in costing health care services - a literature review - Mogyorosy, Z.; Smith, P.C.
Aims and objectives:
The Healthbasket project seeks to offer evidence on the basket of services offered by the health system in nine member states, and the costs and prices associated with those services. A specific objective of the project is to
identify what are the existing possibilities for and limitation to [cost]comparison and recommend the minimum data required to furnish meaningful international comparison in the future. To that end, work programme WP7
assesses the costing methodologies for inpatient and outpatient health services at the micro-level.
The aim of the WP7 subproject is to provide a comprehensive review best practice in cost assessment by examining...
1.
