1.
中国“入世”后海峡两岸经贸问题“政治化”之防治 - 陈安
中国入世后海峡两岸经贸往来面临新的格局。台湾当局为追求错误的政治目的，仍然无视形势新发展，以政治分歧干扰两岸经贸交流和经济合作，并力图把两岸经贸问题进一步“政治化”、“外交”化和“国际”化。本文探讨用以预防和治理台方将两岸经贸问题政治化的五种可能途径，并综合分析了其不同的可行条件。
Since China Acceding to WTO,the business transactions between both sides of Taiwan Strait have been facing a new structure.The Taiwan Authorities concerned,however,ignoring the new development,continue to disturb and restrict business interflow and economic cooperation between the two sides.They are endeavoring to further politicalize the business issues involving the sames.This article discusses five possible approaches in preventing from and curing for such politicalization.
2.
美国单边主义对抗WTO多边主义的第三回合——“201条款”争端之法理探源和展望 - 陈安
本文概述2002—2003年“201条款”争端案的内容、进程和结局,并回溯到1994年的美国“主权大辩论”以及1998—2000年的“301条款”争端案,进行宏观的综合考察,指出“201条款”争端案实质上乃是晚近十年来美国单边主义与WTO多边主义大交锋的第三回合,是此前两次大交锋的继续和发展。三次交锋的实质都是美国经济霸权与各国经济主权之间限制与反限制的争斗;都是植根于美国在1994年“入世”之初就已确立的既定方针:力图在“入世”之后仍然推行其单边主义政策,以维护和扩大其既得的经济霸权。美国在“201条款”争端案中败诉之后,对上述既定方针毫无改弦易辙之意,其单边主义的霸权顽症可能随时复发,WTO多边主义仍然前途多艰。
After roughly describing the contents, process and conclusion of the "Section 201" Disputes(2002-2003), this Article traces back to the"Great 1994 Sovereignty Debate"in the US as well as the"Section 301" Disputes(1998-2000), makes a macro-view and combined analysis on them, and indicates that the"Section 201" Disputes is substantially the third big round of US Unilateralism vs. WTO Multilateralism in the recent decade. The core of all the three rounds of confrontation focuses on the restriction and anti- restriction between the US economic hegemony and the economic sovereignty of othe. states. These confrontations deeply root in the policy that has been firmly established...
3.
论内地与香港CEPA之性质 - 曾华群
《内地与香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》(CEPA)的主体具有双重身份 ,即在国内体制中 ,分别是内地关税区与香港单独关税区 ;而在WTO体制中 ,则分别是WTO正式成员。CEPA的调整对象也具有双重性 ,即调整一国国内不同关税区之间的经济关系和WTO不同成员之间的贸易关系。CEPA的法律基础主要涉及国内法、国际法有关香港高度自治权的规定与WTO区域经济一体化例外规则。作为一主权国家的两个关税区和WTO的两个成员 ,内地与香港签订的CEPA既是符合GATT第 2 4条的WTO成员之间的协定 ,但实质上又不是国际条约 ,而是部分内容受WTO规则规范和调整的一国国内的区域经济一体化安排。
The subjects of Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement between Mainland of China and Hong Kong (CEPA) have a dual status, i.e., the mainland customs territory and Hong Kong separate customs territory in the domestic regime and two full members in the WTO regime. The objects of the CEPA also have a dual nature, i.e., the economic relationships between the two customs territories in the same country and the trade relationships between the two WTO members. The legal grounds for the CEPA involve relevant provisions in Chinese domestic laws and international laws...
4.
论“特殊与差别待遇”条款的发展及其法理基础 - 曾华群
根据GATT体制的"特殊与差别待遇"条款(S＆D条款),"承担义务的非互惠模式"逐步发展和确立。而在WTO体制中,此种模式被限制、淡化或转化,悄然改变为"履行义务的非互惠模式"。这是值得重视的趋向。由于发达成员与发展中成员经济实力迥异,且这一经济现实在今后相当长的历史时期将继续存在,WTO体制的S＆D条款并非权宜之计,也不宜仅表述为WTO体制非歧视待遇原则的例外。发展中国家应坚持和强调,S＆D条款的法理基础是公平互利原则。
“The model of non2reciprocity on undertaking obligations”had been established and developed gradually in
accordance with the“special and differential treatment”provisions (S&D provisions) in GATT. This model , however , has been limited , dimmed or even transformed under WTO and changed to“the model of non2reciprocity on implementing obli2 gations”. This is a noticeable change. As there still exits a big gap in economic strength between developed members and developing ones , and as this situation will yet remain a long time , it is very important for developing countries to insist and stress that the legal grounds for the S&D provisions should...
5.
略论WTO体制的“一国四席” - 曾华群
根据WTO 体制有关成员资格的规定,香港地区、澳门地区、中国和台湾地区相继加入WTO ,形成了“一国四席”的局面。“一国四席”之间的关系既是WTO 体制平等成员之间的关系,也是一国不同关税区之间的关系。“一国四席”的重要意义是反映国际法的新发展,强化国际社会对
“一个中国”原则的共识,并为两岸四地相互之间建立更紧密的经贸关系提供新契机。
Hong Kong , Macao , Mainland China and Taiwan have entered World Trade Organization (WTO) one after another in accordance with the WTO provisions on membership. A situation of“one country , four seats”in WTO has emerged. The relations among the“four seats in one country”are not only characterized by equal membership within WTO , but also by different customs regions within a sovereign State. It is argued that the“one country , four seats”situation reflects the latest development of international law , enhances the awareness of the“One China”Principle in nternational community ,and provides new opportunities for Mainland China ,...
6.
证券化的若干基本问题 - 朱崇实; 赖继红
证券化是一种新型的融资工具。与发行股票、债券以及担保贷款等传统型融资相比 ,证券化有着很大的不同。这种不同主要表现在证券化的多面性或复杂性上。正是证券化所具有的完全不同于传统型融资的多面性的特点 ,使它成为一种新型的整合融资。
Securitization is a new means of financing. It is quite different from such traditional means of financing as stock issue, bonds issue and loan against collateral. The difference is mainly expressed in the versatility or complexity of securitizition .It is the versatility which is quite different from the traditional financing means that makes the securitization become a new type of integrated financing.
7.
论加入世贸组织后我国金融法制的完善 - 朱崇实; 郭俊秀
渐进有序地开放金融市场,是我国政府在加入世界贸易组织时所作的承诺,也是金融国际化、市场化发展规律的内在要求。开放金融市场意味着我国利率市场化、金融机构国际化、金融市场一体化、金融业务创新化以及金融服务电子化的发展趋势进一步加快。为适应上述变化和世界贸易组织规则的要求,我国金融法制需要作出相应的调整,使之进一步完善。
One of the commitments made by the Chinese government when applying for entry to WTO is to open its financial market gradually and systematically , which is in fact an inherent requirement of financial internationalization and
market - oriented development. Opening the financial market means expediting such processes as interest being determined
by the market , financial institutions going international , financial markets being integrated , and financial business getting diversified and electronically transacted. All these plus the rules of WTO call for further adjustment and improvement of China’s financial legal system.
8.
《道路交通安全法》第76条之法律经济分析 - 朱崇实; 陈丕; 杨晓莉; 林文琴; 袁敏
道路交通安全法》实施之后,第76条有关司机责任的规定引发了社会的广泛讨论。借助法律经济学的分析方法对《道路交通安全法》第76条进行剖析,从社会成本、交通效率、道德风险等几个方面加以利弊权衡,可以看出:在这种责任分配体制下,将预防或注意的成本过多地分配给司机会产生道路交通的低效率;过高的赔偿风险将极大地增加整个社会保险(含商业保险)的成本;举证的困难大大增加诉讼成本并引起对法律的失望;不合理的责任分配会引发道德风险及由此引来的违法行为。针对这些问题,有必要采取一些相应的立法对策。
Since The Road Traffic Safety Law began to be implemented formally on May 1 , 2004 , the article 76 of the Law ,which regulates the driver’s responsibility has been criticized by various circles of the society. Analyzing the article on the legal
and economic ground , we can weigh the pros and cons on the regulation of this article from such respects as social cost , traffic efficiency , morals risk etc. It is clear that shifting too much prevention cost or notice cost to driver will cause low efficiency in traffic. Extortionate risk of compensation will increase the cost...
9.
跨政府组织网络与国际经济软法 - 徐崇利
近现代,在各国国内,随着经济事务的日益复杂多变,中央立法机关已无力包揽所有的经济立法工作。于是,各国便普遍以授权立法的方式,将非基础性的经济立法事务交由行政部门完成。同样,在跨国层面,随着全球经济问题的不断增加,仅仅由各国外交代表等通过传统的正规途径共同缔结国际经济条约,已越来越呈独力难举之势。鉴于此,在全球治理理念的主导下,各国政府下属经济管理职能部门开始不断地组成跨政府组织网络,开展辅助性的国际经济立法活动,其所制定的虽为“软法”,却有“硬效果”,构成一种值得关注的特殊国际经济法律渊源。
In a modern society, with the economic affairs becoming more and more comp licated and changeable, the central legislative organs are no longer able to undertake all the legislative work in the economic field. As a result, they have delegated the nonessential economic legislative work to administrative departments. Similarly, at the trans2governmental level, with the increase of global economic p roblems, the traditionalmethod of concluding international economic treaties by dip lomatic delegations through formal p rocess
is no longer able to dealwith all these p roblems. Therefore, guided by the idea of global governance, the economic departments of various governments begin...
11.
国际经济法律冲突与政府间组织的网络化——以世界贸易组织为例的研究 - 徐崇利
国际经济条约主要在政府间组织主持下制定。由各政府间组织分别组织缔约活动,在缺乏协调的情况下,必然带来国际经济法律冲突,并成为国际法“碎片化”现象的一种典型反映。在主持缔约阶段,政府间组织可采取一些技术性措施来事先防范有关国际经济法律冲突的发生;而当冲突不可避免时,则只能经由各国授权政府间组织在实施法律阶段事后加以解决。在这一过程中,政府间组织有必要、也有义务加强相互间的合作与协调,以发挥各自的功能优势,由此将推动政府间组织的网络化进程。在全球化时代,政府间组织网络构成了多层次全球治理版图的重要组成部分,彼此间在国际经济法方面的合作,被视为“全球经济治理的一个中心要素”。
Nowadays, international economic treaties are mainlymade by the inter - governmental organizations( IGOs). The disperse and discordant treaty - making activities assumed by different IGOswill surely result in conflicts of international economic laws and reveal a“fragmentation”of international laws. In fact, while making a treaty, the IGOsmay take some technicalmeasures ex ante to p revent the conflict of international laws. Where a conflict is unavoidable, what each state can do is to authorize its IGO to solve relevant p roblems arising ex post. In this phase, the IGOs need and have duties to p romote their cooperation and coordination so as...
12.
走出误区的“第三条道路”:“跨国经济法”范式 - 徐崇利
在中国学界,素有“大小国际经济法”之争。因为在语境上存在着相当程度的错位现象,两派交锋多少带有“虚假”争议的成分。而“跨国经济法”范式的确立,为两派进一步靠拢树立了一条中间标杆。该范式的要义是,从区分“法律部门”和“法学学科”的原理出发,认定作为一个法律部门之“广义国际经济法”并不存在,但以“国际经济法律制度”为研究对象,完全可以形成一个“广义国际经济法学”之法学学科。依“跨国经济法”范式引入该“第三条道路”,并非基于主观上中庸之道的考量,而是全球化趋势与现行“威斯特伐利亚体系”的张力客观使然。同时,“跨国经济法”范式的确立,也有助于消除对成立一个“广义国际经济法学”学科存在的各种疑虑。
In China ,there exist two different opinions on the scope of international economic law: extensive or narrow perspective. However , the two schools does not always own the same context of the concept of international
economic law , therefore , it is a‘false’debate between them in some degree. This article mainly wishes to pull both
extensive and narrow perspectives close to‘the middle road’———the paradigm of transnational economic law. The core meaning of this paradigm is that when we refuse an‘extensive systemof international economic law’,we should recognize a‘extensive discipline of international economic law’which regards the international economic regime as its subject . This...
13.
经济全球化与国际法中“社会立法”的勃兴 - 徐崇利
近代,国际法从“战争”的国际法发端。到了现代,和平与发展成为人类的共同主题;相应地,“经济”的国际法部分开始勃兴。进入20世纪90年代之后,在经济全球化的影响下,全球社会矛盾日益显现,国际法中的“社会立法”方兴未艾,出现了国际法“社会化”的倾向,人类似乎又迎来了社会领域国际法繁荣的时代。
In the history, International Law a start form the law of war. At the contemporary age, peace and development become the common concern of human beings, and International Economic Law haw been getting rapid development. However, since 1990s, as the globalikkzation of economy was deepening, it has witnessed the increase of global social problems and the tredn of socialization of International Law.
14.
中外合作经营企业外方先行回收投资的法律性质新探 - 徐崇利
对于中外合作经营企业外方先行回收投资的法律性质,现行的各种学说均不能作出准确的界定。其中的“优先补偿说”、“让利说”和“保本经营说”实际上只是分析了该制度的经济性质;而“股权(资本)转让说”和“减资说”对该制度的法律定性,则都存在着以偏概全,难以自圆其说的缺陷。似惟有本文提出的“特殊信贷说”,可比较适当地说明中外合作经营企业外方先行回收投资法律制度的基本特征。
The right opinions can not be found on the Legal Nature of the foreign party's Recovering its Investment in Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures ahead of Time by now. The advocated doctrines of “preferred recovery”,“favorable treatment”, and “non-loss operating”may only be used to explain the economic aspects of the regime. Although the other two promoted doctrines——the doctrines of “share (investment)-transfer”and “capital-deducting”refer to the legal nature of the regime, they share the same logical problems.It seems that the "special loan" doctrine forwarded by this article will tell the actual characteristic of the regime.
15.
WTO多边投资协定议题与中国的基本策略分析 - 徐崇利
进入 2 0世纪 90年代之后 ,在经济全球化的驱动下 ,制订新一代国际投资法典的动议再次被提上国际经济立法的议事日程。对中国有无必要推动多边投资协定谈判问题的分析 ,应以维护本国经济利益为归依 ,并采取务实的手段。目前 ,就引入该谈判议题本身 ,中国并无明显的经济利益。然而 ,在WTO“一揽子协议”方式下 ,为了使南北双方能从整体上求得“双赢”的结局 ,如采取“议题交易”的安排 ,中国不无接受多边投资协定议题的可能性 ,但仍得以日后谈判采取“渐成式”的“自下而上”模式为前提条件。
Since 1990's, driven by the economic integration, making a modern international investment code has been put on the agenda of international economic legislation once again. There exist fierce disputes among Chinese scholars over whether or not China should support launching the negotiation of a multilateral investment agreement during Doha Round. In my view, considering the strategic idea and the national interest of China, China at present cannot accept a multilateral investment agreement in WTO. However,as the condition established (such as the negotiation way of“a package of...
18.
从身份到理性——现代民法中的行为能力制度沿革考 - 徐国栋
现代民法中的行为能力制度是现代民法中的理性主义精神的集中表现,分别负载了理论理性和实践理性。罗马法以阶级主义和关系主义的身份为本位的人法制度,与现代民法具有不同的本质。近代法学家格老秀斯和普芬道夫的工作奠定了现代行为能力制度的智力、意志基础,但忽略了体力的行为能力要素。新的行为能力理论应以智力、意志和体力三者作为行为能力的要素,为此应区分智力行为能力和体力行为能力两个范畴。
The institution of capacity of act in modern civil law is the mainly representation of the spirit of rationalistic in modern civil law, which includes the elements of theoretical reason and of practical reason. The institution of personal law in Roman Law, which took the status distinguished by people’s ranks and relations as its reference has different natures from that of modern civil law. The jurists of 17th century, Hugo Grotius and Sammuel Pufendorf made the intelligence and the will-power as basis of institution of capacity of act of modern civil law , but they neglected the role of physical...
19.
见义勇为立法比较研究 - 徐国栋
对古犹太法、英美法、大陆法系主要国家、社会主义国家、中国的见义勇为立法进行比较研究,得出不同法域的见义勇为立法涵盖范围不同、立法重心不同的结论。阐述上述差异的原因,评价道德法律化运动对见义勇为立法的影响,研究中国的见义勇为立法人性标准设定过高与警力不足问题的关联以及见义勇为立法实效问题。
This thesis is a comparative study in the acts of good Samaritan law of ancient Israel,of England and United States,of principal countries of continental juridical tradition,of some socialist countries,and of ancient and modern China,it finished by the conclusion that the acts of good Samaritan of various jurisdictions have different coverage of objects and different key-points. Then this article clarified the reasons by which the above-said differences exist and valued influences on the acts of good Samaritan in China and the problem of shortage of policemen there,and the issue of practical effects of acts of good Samaritan.
20.
现代的新财产分类及其启示 - 徐国栋
通过介绍现代世界各国形成的7种新财产分类:1.人格财产与可替代财产;2.使用财产和权力财产;3.生存财产和奢侈财产;4.普通财产、身体财产、私生活利益;5、动物与无生命财产;6.实际财产与虚拟财产;7.公域(Pub lic dom ain)与私有财产。阐述了它们的意义和对我国物权理论和立法等方面的影响,并得出了大陆法的物权理论侧重身外之物,英美法的物权理论侧重身内之物的结论。
1.
