1.
Growth, pigments, UV-absorbing compounds and agar yield of the economic red seaweed Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) grown at different depths in the coastal waters of the South China Sea - Xu, Juntian（Shantou Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, Peoples R China）; Gao, Kunshan; 高坤山
The economic red alga, Gracilaria lemaneiformis Bory, was grown at different depths in the coastal waters of the South China Sea, and its growth, pigments, ultra-violet (UV)-absorbing compounds and agar yield were investigated in order to see the impacts of depth change. Gracilaria lemaneiformis grew slower at greater depths in March, while the highest relative growth rate (RGR) was found at about 1.0 m depth in April, about 9% higher than that at surface water (0.5 m below the surface). The RGR increased with the increasing daily photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) dose received by the thalli at different depths. The...
2.
Regional Ocean Governance in China: An Appraisal of the Clean Bohai Sea Program - Peng, Benrong; 彭本荣; Jin, Di（Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA）; Burroughs, Richard（ Univ Rhode Isl, Marine Affairs Dept, Kingston, RI 02881 USA）
In 2001 China embarked on an ambitious program to improve water quality through creation of the Clean Bohai Sea Program (CBSP). It is the first regional ocean governance program in China. The joint conference of central and local government units directed CBSP under the leadership of the State Environment Protection Administration. To meet the environmental objectives established by the joint conference local governments must pay for the program and operate it, but to date they have not been able to fully fund the effort. Although data indicate a decline of polluted discharges to the Bohai, one tabulation shows that the...
3.
Genetic Diversity and Abundance of Flavobacterial Proteorhodopsin in China Seas - Zhao, Meiru; Chen, Feng（Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA）; Jiao, Nianzhi; 焦念志
Proteorhodopsin (PR) genes related to Flavobacteria were found to be highly diverse in the East and South China seas and displayed a distinct geographic pattern, which appeared to reflect cold versus warm adaptation when Global Oceanic Sampling database metagenomic data were included. Flavobacterial PR genes were more abundant offshore than nearshore, implying that inheritance of the PR gene could be important for Flavobacteria living in the oligotrophic environment.
4.
Impacts of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration on photosynthesis and growth of micro- and macro-algae - Wu, HongYan（Shantou Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Shantou 515063, Peoples R China）; Zou, DingHui（Shantou Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Shantou 515063, Peoples R China）; Gao, KunShan; 高坤山
Marine photosynthesis drives the oceanic biological CO2 pump to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, which sinks more than one third of the industry-originated CO2 into the ocean. The increasing atmospheric CO2 and subsequent rise of pCO(2) in seawater, which alters the carbonate system and related chemical reactions and results in lower pH and higher HCO3 (-) concentration, affect photosynthetic CO2 fixation processes of phytoplanktonic and macroalgal species in direct and/or indirect ways. Although many unicellular and multicellular species can operate CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to utilize the large HCO3 (-) pool in seawater, enriched CO2 up to several times the present...
5.
Abundance and diversity of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in saline lakes on the Tibetan plateau - Jiang, Hongchen（ Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA）; Dong, Hailiang（ Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA）; Yu, Bingsong（China Univ Geosci, Geomicrobiol Lab, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing, Peoples R China）; Lv, Guo（China Univ Geosci, Geomicrobiol Lab, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing, Peoples R China）; Deng, Shicai（China Univ Geosci, Geomicrobiol Lab, State Key Lab Geol Proc & Mineral Resources, Beijing, Peoples R China）; Wu, Yajie; Dai, Minghan; 戴民汉; Jiao, Nianzhi; 焦念志
Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria are heterotrophic prokaryotes that are capable of utilizing light as an energy source but are not capable of producing molecular oxygen. Recently, multiple studies have found that AAP bacteria are widely distributed in oceans and estuaries and may play an important role in carbon cycling. However, AAP bacteria in inland lake ecosystems have not been investigated in depth. In this study, the abundance and diversity of the pufL-M genes, encoding photosynthetic reaction centers of AAP bacteria, were determined in the oxic water column and anoxic sediments of saline lakes (Qinghai, Erhai, and Gahai Lakes) on...
6.
Development of an analytical protocol for the determination of V (IV) and V (V) in seawater: Application to coastal environments - Wang, Deli; 王德利; Sanudo-Wilhelmy, Sergio A.（Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA）
A new method was developed for determining vanadium [V (IV) and V (V)] species in seawater by using a solid-phase extraction at pH 4.5 with Chelex-100 resin. Vanadium (V) was eluted with 0.1 M ammonium hydroxide and V (IV) was eluted with 0.2 N perchloric acid. The recovery of V species in synthetic seawater was >95% for V (V) and 92% for V (IV) at a concentration of 40 nM, typical of open ocean waters. Stability experiments showed V (IV) was relatively stable for over 24 h. The detection limit for V (IV) and V (V) was on the order...
7.
Profiling Planctomycetales diversity with reference to anammox-related bacteria in a South China Sea, deep-sea sediment - Shu, Qinglong; Jiao, Nianzhi; 焦念志
A systematic assessment of Planctomycetales diversity in a South China Sea, deep-sea sediment (1657 m) was conducted using the 16S rRNA gene analysis approach. PCR amplification of the samples from seven sediment layers (0.1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 m below the surface sediment) using the primer set Pla-46-F/1392-R showed that the Planctomycetales existed within a limited range of sediment depths (<= 5 m), and had a decreasing trend in diversity with increasing depth. The majority of the retrieved Pla-46-F/1392-R sequences belonged to Pirellula-related Planctomycetales, and two sequences retrieved from the 0.1-m layer (GenBank accession numbers: DQ996944 and...
8.
NEW PRIMERS FOR AMPLIFICATION OF THE PLANCTOMYCETES 16S rRNA GENE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES - Shu, Qinglong; Jiao, Nianzhi; 焦念志
Although the 16S rDNA primer set Pla-46-F/1392-R is often used to explore the planctomycetes community, the universal reverse primer 1392-R limits the capability of the forward primer Pla-46-F. Here we report two new reverse primers (Pla-1097-R and Pla-1368-R), which greatly promote the potential ability of the forward primer Pla-46-F, both theoretically and experimentally. The tests with field samples showed that PCR induced by the new primer sets both reduced mismatches to non-planctomycetes and supplemented the diversity of planctomycetes, particularly increasing the numbers of planctomycetes genera in both seawater and sediment samples. Our results strongly suggest that the diversity of planctomycetes...
9.
Removal of Metal Catalyst in Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Combination of Air and Hydrogen Annealing Followed by Acid Treatment - Li, Quanlong; 李权龙; Yuan, Dongxing; 袁东星; Guan, Bin; Lin, Dingmei; Wang, Xuefeng
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) prepared by the decomposition of CH4 on a Ni-MgO catalyst were treated with air and hydrogen annealing, and the combination of air and hydrogen annealing, respectively, followed by acid reflux. The treated MWCNTs were characterized by the techniques of transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that hydrogen annealed MWCNTs were more air stable than air annealed ones. Followed by acid treatment, the combination of air and hydrogen annealing was more efficient than either air annealing or hydrogen annealing for the removal of catalyst in MWCNTs. For the treatment with...
10.
Sediment Budget in the Taiwan Strait with High Fluvial Sediment Inputs from Mountainous Rivers: New Observations and Synthesis - Kao, Shuh-Ji（Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan）; Jan, Sen（Natl Cent Univ, Inst Hydrol Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan）; Hsu, Shih-Chieb（Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan）; Lee, Tsung-You（Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan）; Dai, Minhan; 戴民汉
The shallow Taiwan Strait at the southern opening of the East China Sea (ECS) receives abundant sediments from turbid mountainous rivers in Taiwan. The volume of sediment is among the highest sediment yields on the global surface. This large amount of sediment discharged from modern Taiwan (range: 175 - 380 Mt y(-1) based on 50-yr data) is comparable to that discharged from Changjaing (500 Mt y(-1)-decreasing in recent decades), underscoring the importance of sediment budget in the Taiwan Strait and sediment flux from Taiwan into the ECS. We documented fluvial mud and sand concentrations during flash flooding with our observations...
11.
Effects of solar UV and visible radiations on the spiral structure and orientation of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (Cyanophyta) - Li, Ping（Shantou Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, Peoples R China）; Gao, Kunshan; 高坤山
Morphological characteristics of Artlrroshira spp. are important for product quality and harvesting efficiency. Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been previously shown to break their spirals. To further explore the relationship of morphology and UVR, we examined the spiral length, helix diameter, helical pitch and orientation of A. platensis while exposing the cells to solar radiation with or without UVR. Although solar exposures initially led to breakage of the spirals, no significant difference was found among the treatments with or without UVR. During the long-term exposures to solar radiation, the spirals became more compressed in the outdoor strain (grown under sunlight...
12.
Sequential injection analysis of nanomolar soluble reactive phosphorus in seawater with HLB solid phase extraction - Ma, Jian; Yuan, Dongxing; 袁东星; Liang, Ying
A cartridge of solid phase extraction (SPE), hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), has been used to enrich phosphomolybdenum blue (PMB) from water samples without any other additives. Based on this, the previous on-line SPE method established for the determination of nanomolar soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in seawater has been greatly improved. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the cationic surfactant needed for the formation of the PMB-CTAB paired compound that could be extracted on a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge using the previous method [Liang, Y.. Yuan. DX, Li, Q.L. Lin, Q.M., 2007. Flow injection analysis of nanomolar level orthophosphate in seawater with solid phase enrichment and...
13.
Effects of Cd and Zn on oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion in sipuncula (Phascolosoma esculenta) - Chen, XiXiang; Lu, ChangYi; 卢昌义; Ye, Yong; 叶勇
Physiological responses (oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion) of the sipuncula (Phascolosoma esculenta) exposed to four concentrations of Cd (0.45, 0.96, 2.04, and 4.46 mg L-1) and four concentrations of Zn (1.09, 2.34, 4.96, and 10.91 mg L-1) were monitored for 21 days, respectively. Oxygen consumption rates of sipuncula at all concentrations of Cd decreased from day 1 to day 6. At low concentrations of Cd (0.45 and 0.96 mg L-1), the oxygen consumption rate was promoted. Time and concentration were significant in affecting oxygen consumption rate, respectively. Oxygen consumption rate decreased significantly with time for Zn-exposed individuals and also decreased...
14.
Development of 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the small abalone (Haliotis diversicolor Reeve) - Ren, Peng（Jimei Univ, Fisheries Coll Fisheries Biotechnol Inst, Key Lab Sci & Technol Aquaculture & Food Safety, Xiamen 361021, Peoples R China）; Wang, Zhiyong（Jimei Univ, Fisheries Coll Fisheries Biotechnol Inst, Key Lab Sci & Technol Aquaculture & Food Safety, Xiamen 361021, Peoples R China）; Yao, Cuiluan（Jimei Univ, Fisheries Coll Fisheries Biotechnol Inst, Key Lab Sci & Technol Aquaculture & Food Safety, Xiamen 361021, Peoples R China）; Liu, Ying（Jimei Univ, Fisheries Coll Fisheries Biotechnol Inst, Key Lab Sci & Technol Aquaculture & Food Safety, Xiamen 361021, Peoples R China）; Ke, Caihuan; 柯才焕
Eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci for Haliotis diversicolor were isolated and characterized from (CT)(n)- and (AC)(n)-enriched library. They were tested in 24 individuals from a natural population. All of them were polymorphic, with the number of alleles varying between three and 10. The observed heterozygosities and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.083 to 0.913 and from 0.159 to 0.856, respectively. The 11 isolated microsatellite loci, except SA-JMU6 and SA-JMU12, followed Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Seven sets of primers also amplify in closely related species, H. ovina and H. asinine. These 11 polymorphic microsatellites will be useful for analysing the population structure and genetic diversity...
15.
Linking the concept of ecological footprint and valuation of ecosystem services: A case study of economic growth and natural carrying capacity (Retracted article. See vol. 16, pg. 368, 2009) - Zhao, Sheng; Hong, Huasheng; 洪华生; Zhang, Luoping
Human activities have become so extensive that all ecosystems on the planet have been altered to some extent. The fate of humankind will be determined by how sustainable ecosystems and the renewable resources in them are managed. The implication of this is obvious: humanity must live within nature's carrying capacity. In recent years, humans have recognised that growth of the economy depends on natural capital, and it is important that we now recognise that we are part of an international ecological economics community, so as to better integrate the economy and ecology. However, there are few successful examples of this....
16.
Bioaccumulation of silver, cadmium and mercury in the abalone Haliotis diversicolor from water and food sources - Huang, Xu; Ke, Caihuan; 柯才焕; Wang, Wen-Xiong
Most abalone farms in China are confronted with increasing pollution, including metal pollution. Macroalgae such as Gracilaria, widely used as abalone forage, can very appreciably concentrate metals, thus there is an increasing concern for metal trophic transfer in abalones. The route and rate of Ag, Cd and Hg uptake in the abalone Haliotis diversicolor were quantified by determining each metal's uptake rate from the dissolved phase, its assimilation efficiency (AE) from different macroalgae and its efflux rate constant. The uptake rate constants in abalones from the dissolved phase were 1.78 Lg(-1) d(-1) for Ag, 0.056 Lg(-1) d(-1) for Cd and...
17.
Short-term dynamics of nutrients influenced by upwelling in a small oligotrophic coastal ecosystem, Gan Bay, in the northwest Philippines - Xu, Yanping; Dai, Minhan; 戴民汉; Zhai, Weidong; 翟惟东; Yuan, Dongxing; 袁东星; Liu, Jinwen; Sun, Zhenyu; Lin, Hua; Wu, Jingyu; 吴璟瑜
We present a time-series analysis of nutrient and pCO(2) (partial pressure of CO2) levels in an oligotrophic coastal ecosystem (Gan Bay), which was likely to be influenced by upwelled subsurface water. Gan Bay is off Currimao Harbor, in the northwest Philippines and is located at the boundary of the South China Sea (SCS). This 42-h time-series observation was conducted in December 2006. In addition to continuous observations of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pCO(2), discrete samples were collected at a depth of 5 m every 3 h for measurements of nutrients, including soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and inorganic nitrogen (NO3- +...
18.
Characterization of Photobleaching of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in Xiamen Bay by Excitation Emission Matrix Spectroscopy - Cheng, Yuan-yue; Guo, Wei-dong; 郭卫东
Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) was applied to study the photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in two surface water samples from Xiamen Bay exposed to natural sunlight between 10: 00-16:00 during September 12-18, 2007. Both samples were collected from the lower and middle salinity areas in Jiulong Estuary of Xiamen Bay, and then filtered by 0.2 mu m polycarbonate filters before the photobleaching incubation experiment. The results showed that three humic-like (C, A, M) and two protein-like (T, B) fluorescence peaks were observed in both samples, and the photobleaching didn't cause obvious shift of the positions of these...
19.
Stepwise oscillatory circuits of a DNA molecule - Xu, Kunming; 许昆明
A DNA molecule is characterized by a stepwise oscillatory circuit where every base pair is a capacitor, every phosphate bridge is an inductance, and every deoxyribose is a charge router. The circuitry accounts for DNA conductivity through both short and long distances in good agreement with experimental evidence that has led to the identification of the so-called super-exchange and multiple-step hopping mechanisms. However, in contrast to the haphazard hopping and super-exchanging events, the circuitry is a well-defined charge transport mechanism reflecting the great reliability of the genetic substance in delivering electrons. Stepwise oscillatory charge transport through a nucleotide sequence that...
20.
Diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO(2) in contrasting coastal environments - Dai, Minhan; 戴民汉; Lu, Zhongming; Zhai, Weidong; 翟惟东; Chen, Baoshan; Cao, Zhimian; Zhou, Kuanbo; Cai, Wei-Jun（Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA）; Chen, Chen-Tung Arthur（Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Marine Geol & Chem, Kaohsiung, Taiwan）
We examined diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO(2) (partial pressure of CO2) in a suite of coastal marine environmental systems in the vicinity of the South China Sea (SCS) from inshore and nearshore settings in Xiamen Bay, Shenhu Bay, and the southwestern Taiwan Strait, to offshore sites in the basin and on the slope of the northern South China Sea as well as in a coral reef system at Xisha Islands in the middle of the SCS. There were significant diurnal changes of surface pCO(2), ranging from 1.0 Pa to 1.6 Pa (10-16 mu atm) in the offshore and oligotrophic...
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