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科举西传说的来龙去脉 - 刘海峰
科举西传说是科举学研究中难度最大的问题。本文在综述科举西传说的由来的基础上,介绍科举制对英、法、美等西方国家的影响,并论述科举西传说得以确立的根据。1570年至1870年间,主要用英文出版的涉及中国科举的文献远不止七十余种,在此之外目前至少还可以找到近五十种相关文献,总数当在一百二十种以上。在已证明西方考试制度是将科举考试的公平竞争原则借鉴过去的情况下,找到当时明确指出英美等国文官考试制度曾借鉴中国科举制的宝贵资料后,科举西传说可以确立。[英文摘要]The study of the influence on the western from the imperial examination in China is the most difficult issue in the imperial examination study. On the basis of summarizing the origin the viewpoint of Chinese influence on the western examination system, the thesis introduces the imperial examination system' s effect on the western countries, such as England, France and America, and proves the grounds on which the Chinese influence on the western examination system is established. From 1570 to 1870, there are...
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科举停废与文明冲突 - 刘海峰
科举制是具有世界影响的中华文明产物,贤能治国说或精英统治理论为科举考试制度的出现奠立了理论基础。在一定意义上,科举制可称为中国的“第五大发明”。废止科举是19世纪末20世纪初东西方文明冲突的必然结果和典型事件,实际上科举是废于“时”而不是废于“制”。科举制在清末被时代和历史潮流所否定,并不意味着这一制度应该永远被否定。尽管科举制有许多局限和弊端,但它曾在中国历史上起过重大的作用,对人类文明进程作出过重要的贡献,是中国不应忽视的文化遗产。[英文摘要]The Imperial Examination System(IES) is a world-famous and highly influential heritage of Chinese civilization.The theory of "governing the state by the talented and virtuous" or "ruling the state by the elite" is the rationale behind this system.In a sense,IES could be regarded as China's "fifth invention".Around the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,the abolition of IES was an inevitable result and a typical case of the conflict of Eastern and Western civilizations.It is argued...
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院校合并、升格与发展中的更名问题 - 刘海峰
大学校名是一所大学的标志,是一所大学的代表符号。院校更名问题既牵涉到高等学校的层次定位、科类结构、区域布局等问题,也关系到许多高等学校历史渊源的追溯、稀缺“校名资源”的使用等问题。受中文表达习惯的影响,响亮的大学校名往往是四个汉字的校名。高等师范院校和农林院校的更名应具备一定条件。院校更名应遵循名实相符、稳定性、可持续发展、尊重历史兼顾现实、不使用当代人名作校名等原则。[英文摘要]University name is an emblem of a university,a kind of symbol of a university as well.The name changing of the higher institution is related with many aspects including the location,subject construction,district arrangement of the institution,etc.This is also related with the history and resource of many universities,the using of the cherishing name,etc.Influenced by Chinese expression,the resonant name of university often has 4 characters.It should have certain conditions for the higher normal universities...
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科举制百年祭 - 刘海峰
科举制的稳定性和规律性是如此之强,周而复始贯串各朝。废科举是20世纪中国最重大的历史事件之一,它不仅仅是一场教育革命,而且是一场政治变革,并引起了广泛而深刻的社会变迁。其后果既可惊又可骇,既可喜又可忧。在科举制度废止百年的今天,无论从深刻认识中国社会的特性和传统文化的命运方面说,还是从为现实考试制度改革提供历史借鉴方面说,总结科举制的千秋功罪,反思废科举的利弊得失,都有必要且有意义。[英文摘要]The stability and regularity of the Imperial Examination System were so strong that it persisted through dynasties in Chinese history. The abolition of the Imperial Examination System was one of the most significant changes in the 20 th century in China. It was not only an educational but also a political revolution, which led to extensive and profound social changes. September 2005 is the centennial of the abolition of the Imperial Examination System. To analyze the achievements and lessons of the Imperial...
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重评科举制度——废科举百年反思 - 刘海峰
科举制并非像现代人们的印象那么黑暗,以往人们的对科举制的了解和认识既不全面也不客观,因此有必要重新评价。今人对科举制的偏见,多是囿于清末人士对它的否定评价。其实古代不少文化名人也曾称赞过科举,从隋唐至明清,许多人将科举考试看成是一种"至公"的制度。为科举制平反,在当代中国学术界已成为一股思潮。对科举制的研究有助于认识中国社会的特性和传统文化的命运,并为现实的考试制度改革提供历史借鉴。[英文摘要]The imperial examination system in history was not so dark as what it is thought of by the modern people. Therefore, it is necessary to reappraise this system because of the incomplete and non-objective understanding and knowledge of it in the past. The prejudice today comes from the negative attitude towards it prevailing in the late Qinng Dynasty. In fact, many famous scholars in history, from the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, praised this system, and many of them regarded this sy...
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论西部地区的"高考移民"问题——兼论科举时代的"冒籍"现象 - 刘海峰; 樊本富
"高考移民"问题存在的主要原因是目前高考录取制度中存在的高考分数差和不同的录取率。在考试公平与区域公平之间长期存在着两难选择。高考实行分省区定额录取的模式,从自由竞争的角度来看与考试的公平原则有某些矛盾之处,但从调动边远省区学生的学习积极性、促进当地人文教育水平的提升的角度来看,则有其合理之处。"高考移民"问题的彻底解决需要一个过程。[英文摘要]The essential reason for the existence of "immigrated examinees for the National College Entrance Examination" lies in the difference of the examination scores and the varied admission rates in different regions of the country. In this regard, there has long been the dilemma between the equity of examination itself and the equity of different regions. The serious phenomenon of immigrated examinees with false registered residence has to certain extent destroyed the peace and stability of border areas. Howeve...
20.
中国科举史上的最后一榜进士 - 刘海峰
在1904年颁布《奏定学堂章程》和决定渐废科举的时代背景中,举行了中国科举史上最后一次会试与殿试。该科策问考试题目要求联系当时社会实际,为政治经济和教育改革出谋划策,说明末科会试和殿试已从古代选士考试制度向现代文官考试制度转型,已具备一定的现代文官考试性质。最后一榜进士的命运与过去各科进士不大相同,有的进士命途多舛,也有不少进士的发展则是时势造英雄。总体而言,由于末科进士出身者文化素养较好,事业起点也较高,有成就者还是多数,在政界和文化界尤为突出。[英文摘要]The last Metropolitan and Palace Examination (MPE) in the history of Imperial Examination in China was held against the background of the release of “Regulations for Presented and Ratified Schools" in 1904 and the decision to gradually abolish the Imperial Examination. The questions on policy called for direct relatedness to current social affairs and practical suggestions for the reform of politics, economy and education, which indicated that the last MPE was transforming itself from the ancient examinatio...
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