2.
关公战木兰——透视美国华裔作家赵建秀和汤亭亭之间的文化论战 - 张龙海
美国华裔作家赵建秀和汤亭亭由于意见分歧而产生摩擦 ,演变成规模宏大的文化论战。本文首先梳理这场论战的来龙去脉 ,分析两位作家对美国华裔文学的不同见解和主张 ,让读者进一步了解论战的内容和实质。赵建秀痛恨“白人至上主义”、“种族主义之爱”和“种族主义之恨” ,这在种族主义根深蒂固的美国不是没有道理的。而汤亭亭的“另类神话”等表明 ,只有继承发扬中国文化 ,将其与美国文化和华裔的具体情况相结合 ,创造出扎根于东西方文化、反映华裔真实生活的上乘作品 ,从而打破白人对华人 /华裔的“静音” ,从另一渠道让华裔文学进入美国主流文化的殿堂。[英文摘要]The disagreement between Frank Chin and Maxine Hong Kingston gradually leads to an outstanding cultural dispute. Based on their disparate views on Chinese American literature, this article combs up the history of the debate between the two writers so that readers can understand the origin and focus of this debate. While Frank Chin encourages Chinese Americans to fight on to slash the stereotypes imposed on them, Kingston's ″alternative myth″ breaks the imposed silence and leads Chinese American literature i...
4.
语言符号对译、言语翻译与跨文化信息 - 吴建平
语言符号的意义包括概念义、附加义、语法义、文化义和搭配义。两种语言符号对译有五种常见形式。在两种语言符号对译中,欲反映原语语言符号的跨文化信息,就应着重体现附加义和文化义。语言符号对译与言语翻译的主要差异在于有无具体语境(或情境);而同属言语翻译的双语词典例证翻译和语篇翻译之间的差异主要是:(1)具体语境(或情境)的大小;(2)体现语用和形象的表现力不同。[英文摘要]The information of a linguistic sign includes conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, grammatical meaning, cultural meaning and collocative meaning. There are five major ways in which equivalence of interlinguistic signs behaves in conveying cross-cultural information with the particular focus on connotative meaning and cultural meaning. The major difference between equivalence of interlinguistic signs and speech translation is whether there exists a specific linguistic context or context of situation. The...
7.
勒内·吉拉尔神话观评析——兼论《西游记》的替罪羊机制 - 冯寿农
勒内·吉拉尔从“模仿欲望”出发考察古典神话的起源。在原始神话中普遍存在着“迫害文本”的四个范式的扩张与变形。普通“迫害文本”只有受害者的第一次的转变———不幸的转变 ,然而神话进行了第二次转变———幸运的转变 ,即神圣化的转变。这两种转变构成神话的替罪羊机制。但是后来的神话由于受到柏拉图理性哲学和社会道德的影响 ,经过改编和传播 ,逐渐淡化、消除集体暴力 ,最后掩盖、甚至粉饰集体迫害。《西游记》存在替罪羊机制 ,并掩饰集体迫害[英文摘要]Rene Girard explores the origin of myths in terms of "a desire to imitate". In primitive myths, there were universal expansion and distortion of the four patterns of the texts of persecution. In ordinary texts of persecution, there was only the first transformation of the victims - the unfortunate transformation. But in myths, there was a second transformation - a blessed and sanctified transformation. These two kinds of transformation constituted the scapegoatism of myths. Because of the influence of Plato...
8.
模仿欲望诠释 探源求真解读——勒内·吉拉尔对文学的人类学批评 - 冯寿农
René Girard first proved his theory on ″imitation desire″ through literary works and has formed his unique interpreting method of literary criticism in his persevering study of 40 years. His theory of ″imitation desire″ has ever since become the cornerstone for literary interpretation, which can be employed to unveil the mystery of mythologies. The outstanding feature of his interpreting method is to penetrate the imaginary surface to seek truth and find the origin of meaning. His greatest contribution is t...
9.
荣格的集体无意识学说与杰克·伦敦的《野性的呼唤》 - 阿德尔·塔伊尔
中篇寓言体小说《野性的呼唤》是美国著名作家杰克·伦敦在惊人的无意识亢奋状态下创作出来的一部幻觉性的作品。不管杰克·伦敦本人的创作意图如何，他的这部杰作与荣格的集体无意识学说完全相吻合。本文在迈克思维尔·盖斯马和厄尔·莱柏两位著名评论家所持观点的基础上，运用荣格的集体无意识学说对《野性的呼唤》进行心理分析，以证明主人公巴克是在其自性的引导下，经过艰难的个性化过程，从其有意识的自我中解脱出来并达到自我实现的。[英文摘要]Jack London's The Call of the Wild coincides with Rung's collective unconsciousness. This paper explores the Psycho-analysis of Jack London's novelette and proves how the major character Buck brings about his self-achievement.
10.
从重复和记忆的关系看“三文治故事教学法” - 纪玉华; 许其潮
本文对外语教学中的“三文治故事教学法”作了历史回顾 ,简述了对该教学法的发展有重要贡献的几位探索者的个人背景和创新思路 ;介绍了该教学法及其教材在我国儿童英语教学中的应用情况 ,并对该教学法的理据、性质、教材编写原则以及适应范围作了简要评析。结论是 :三文治故事教学法作为一种专门为初学者设计的过渡性方法 ,有其科学性和可行性。[英文摘要]This paper (1) traces the history of the development of the Sandwich Story Methodology as a foreign language teaching approach by highlighting the innovative experiments carried out by five foreign language teachers out of China;(2) presents a brief report on the experimentation with this method in EFL for children in China;(3) discusses the theoretical grounds for,the nature of, the principles of material development for,and the conditions for the use of,this method.The conclusion is: as a transitional met...
11.
朗读艺术课:英语语音课程改革新探 - 纪玉华; 许其潮
本文阐述了开设“英语朗读艺术”课的理据 ,讨论了英语朗读艺术课与传统的英语语音课之间的区别 ,并对英语朗读艺术课的教学内容和教学重点进行了初步的探讨。[英文摘要]This paper provides (1) a rationale for starting a new course titled “The Art of Reading Aloud in English” as an alternative to the traditional course of “English Phonology”, (2) a discussion of major differences between the former and the latter and (3) an explanation of the content and key areas of the former.
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原型语义学:从家族相似性到理想化认知模式 - 吴世雄; 纪玉华
原型语义学源于维特根斯坦对"游戏"语义范畴的家族相似性的描述。词义以原型范畴的形式而存在,由原型和边缘构成。原型乃家族中之典型成员,边缘为非典型成员。将模糊集合论引入语义范畴的原型研究,为描述语义的原型结构提供了形式化模型,但Lakoff认为该方法无法阐释范畴的原型效应,他提出用"理想化认知模式"阐释原型范畴模式。作为新兴的语义分析理论,原型语义学尚存在问题,如,在分析不模糊的语义范畴时显得无能为力;忽视语义范畴的理性内容;无法解决将语义范畴的原型分析与语用文化分析有机结合起来的问题等。[英文摘要]Prototype semantics (PS) originated from Wittgenstein's description of the family resemblance of the semantic category of "Spiel" (game). Meaning exists in the form of prototype categories consisting of prototypes and peripheries which respectively refer to typical and atypical members. Applying the fuzzy set theory to prototypical studies of semantic categories results in formalized descriptions of prototype structures. Lakoff, however, holds that this method cannot satisfactorily interpret the prototypica...
13.
再议萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说——评国外跨文化交际学教科书对语言相对论的讨论 - 纪玉华; 许其潮
“萨丕尔 -沃尔夫假说”一直是跨文化交际研究中语言与文化关系讨论的首选话题之一。本文对近几年国外出版的跨文化交际学教科书中对该假说的讨论进行评析 ,指出其中的谬误和不当之处 ,旨在引起我国语言和文化研究者的注意。笔者认为 ,我国学者既要有虚心向国外同行学习的态度 ,又要学会用批评的眼光看待国外同行的研究成果和观点.[英文摘要]This paper takes a critical look at the way the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is represented and commented on in recently published Western textbooks on intercultural communication. By pointing out the inaccuracies and misinterpretations in these representations, the paper calls upon Chinese scholars to read their foreign counterparts more critically.
15.
帕尔默文化语言学理论的构建思路 - 纪玉华
美国语言人类学家帕尔默构建文化语言学理论的主要动机是:发展和丰富美国语言与文化研究中的三大传统,即博厄斯派语言学、民族语义学和会话民俗学。他认为,将它们与认知语言学结合起来,便可产生一种对人类学家在文化研究中遇到的语言现象更有解释力的新的合成理论,即文化语言学理论。本文拟就帕尔默构建文化语言学理论的动因及其文化语言学的核心概念和理论信条作一评析。[英文摘要]Palmer proposes a theory of cultural linguistics (CL) with a view to enriching the three American traditions in language and culture studies, i.e. Boasian linguistics, ethnosemantics, and ethnography of speaking, of which a synthesis with cognitive linguistics will prove a better approach to the linguistic problems encountered by anthropologists in their study of different cultures. This paper offers an analysis of Palmer抯 motivation and rationale for his theory of CL and an interpretation of the key concep...
16.
批评性话语分析:理论与方法 - 纪玉华
批评性话语分析已有 30年的发展历史。其基本理论渊源是西方马克思主义 ,宗旨是揭露不平等的权力关系 ,其主要方法有 :系统功能语法分析、语篇体裁交织性分析和话语历史背景分析。这三种方法各有侧重 ,互为补充 ,它们使批评性话语分析成为传统的社会和文化分析的重要补充 ,使其变为一种社会行动 ,促进人类社会的进步。[英文摘要]Critical discourse analysis(CDA) has a hist ory of 30 years. Its main t heoretical origin is Western Marxism, and its aim is to uncover power relations hips. CDA often uses the method of systemic-functional analysis, intertextual an alysis and historical analysis, which are complementary and can complement tradi tional methods of social and cultural analysis. CDA is a social action and has c ontributed to social and cultural progress.
17.
法国文坛对福楼拜的《包法利夫人》的批评管窥 - 冯寿农
Depuis 150 ans, Madame Bovary de G. Flaubert devient un objet de recherche dans le monde littéraire. Nous aurons ici des points de vue-clés des critiques franais sur cette uvre. Dans une perspective philosophique on y a révélé 《le Bovarysme》. Les savants cherchaient les causes de la diversité créative de Flaubert. S’y ajoutent deux ouvrages monumentaux, Le Style de Flaubert de M. Proust et L’Idiots de la famille de J.-P. Sartre. G. Genette et R.Barthes ont découvert, en analysant des descriptions de Madame...
20.
“语言学转向”给文学批评带来的革命 - 冯寿农
20世纪是语言学的时代 ,索绪尔的语言学革命和哲学的“语言学转向”使文学批评家认识到语言才是文学真正的本质。语言学给文学批评提供新思维、新模式、新方法 ,6 0年代掀起了结构主义批评思潮 ,在文本、功能、叙事的研究方面出现重大的突破。解构主义批评继续沿着语言学的思路 ,进一步拓展文本理论。[英文摘要]The 20th century was an age of linguistics. Saussure's linguistic revolution and the linguistic turn of philosophy made literary critics realize that only language is the true nature of literature. Linguistics offered new thoughts on, new models for and new approaches to literary criticism, set off a new upsurge in structuralist criticism and made an important breakthrough in the study of texts, functions and narration in the 1960s. De-structuralist criticism continues the linguistic train of thoughts...
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