Digital.CSIC
(14.269 recursos)
Repositorio institucional del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
Digital.CSIC es un depósito de documentos digitales, cuyo objetivo es organizar, archivar, preservar y difundir en modo de acceso abierto la producción intelectual resultante de la actividad investigadora del CSIC.
(CCMA) Artículos post-print
Mostrando recursos 1 - 20 de 21
1.
Influence of heavy metal supplementation on specific methanogenic activity and microbial communities detected in batch anaerobic digesters - Milán, Z.; Sánchez Vilches, Enrique; Borja Padilla, Rafael; Montalvo, S.; Ruiz-Tagle, N.; Urrutia, H.; Chamy, R.
Natural and modified zeolites (0.5–1.0 mm) from the Tasajera deposit in Cuba were used to enhance the anaerobic digestion process of synthetic substrates. Natural zeolites were modified by ionic exchange and by adsorption with nickel, cobalt and magnesium. The experiments were carried out by using an inoculum from a full-scale anaerobic reactor treating winery wastewater. Modified natural zeolites not only enhanced the anaerobic digestion process, but also increased the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of the sludges. The textural and chemical surface characteristics of the modified zeolites were related to the process performance, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and microbial communities...
2.
Performance evaluation of a two-phase anaerobic digestion process of synthetic domestic wastewater at ambient temperature - Guerrero, L.; Montalvo, S.; Coronado, Eugenio; Chamy, R.; Poirrier, P.; Crutchik, D.; Sánchez, E.; Rubia, M. A. de la; Borja Padilla, Rafael
A two-phase anaerobic digestion process of synthetic domestic wastewater was studied at ambient temperature in mild to cold climates. The hydrolytic stage was carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor with an effective volume of 1.2 L. The hydrolytic reactor operated at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) in the range of 1.3 to 2.7 h, which allowed for optimum HRT to be obtained in order to achieve a maximum amount of soluble COD. For the methanogenic stage, an up-flow anaerobic filter with a volume of 1.35 L and corrugated plastic rings as biomass immobilization support were used. During the investigation,...
3.
Kinetics of anaerobic degradation of screened dairy manure by upflow fixed bed digesters: Effect of natural zeolite addition - Nikolaeva, S.; Sánchez, E.; Borja Padilla, Rafael; Raposo Bejines, Francisco; Colmenarejo Morcillo, Manuel F.; Montalvo, S.; Jiménez-Rodríguez, A. M.
The effect of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the performance of two up-flow anaerobic fixed bed digesters (UFAFBDs) packed with waste tire rubber (D1) and waste tire rubber and zeolite (D2) as micro-organism immobilization supports was studied. It was found that a first-order kinetic model described well the experimental results obtained. The kinetic constants for COD, BOD5, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) removal were determined to be higher in digester D2 than in digester D1 or control. Specifically, they were 0.28 ± 0.01, 0.32 ± 0.02, 0.16 ± 0.01 and 0.24 ± 0.01 d− 1 respectively for...
4.
Molecular features of fossil organic matter in remains of the Lower Cretaceous fern Weichselia reticulata from Przenosza basement (Poland) - Almendros, G.; Zancada, M. C.; González-Vila, Francisco Javier; Lesiak, M. A.; Álvarez Ramis, Concepción
Przenosza (Western Carpathians, Poland) is an important palaeobotanical Cretaceous basement site with morphologically
well-preserved plant remains. Both the morphology of the macro remains and microscopic examination of isolated
plant cuticles reveal species typical of coastal swampy palaeoenvironments, mainly the fern Weichselia reticulata.
After isolation of the plant remains, preliminary characterisation of the fossil organic matter was carried out using
cross-polarization, magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy and
Curie point analytical pyrolysis.
The 13C NMR results suggested a type III kerogen from predominantly terrestrial material which was subjected to
intense diagenetic and catagenetic changes. The prominent resonance at ca. 130 ppm indicates C-...
5.
Evolución de las propiedades físicas y la materia orgánica del suelo con enmiendas orgánicas y fertilización mineral - López-Fando, Cristina; Dorado, José; González-Vila, Francisco Javier; Zancada, M. C.; Almendros, G.
[EN]: After 16 years of continuous amendment either with farmyard manure or crop wastes and two levels of mineral N fertilisation in a Calcic Haploxeralf at Toledo (central Spain), significant changes
in soil physical properties, soil fertility and in the amount and characteristics of soil organic matter have
been found. Such changes depended on the type of organic matter applied, the N dose (O and 100 kg ha-1 NH4N03) and their interaction. When compared with control plots, visible spectroscopy suggested that
the organic matter accumulated in the amended plots was less transformed, with a more marked aliphatic
character, its humification degree decreasing when increasing...
6.
Evaluation of the water quality in the Guadarrama river at the section of Las Rozas-Madrid, Spain - Vicente, J.; Colmenarejo Morcillo, Manuel F.; Sánchez, E.; Rubio, A.; García, M. G.; Borja, R.; Jiménez, A. M.
The variation of the water quality of the Guadarrama river and its tributaries in a section of Las Rozas-Madrid, Spain, was studied during the time period between January 2003 and January 2008. The parameter water quality index (WQI) was used to determine the water quality based on the conventional parameters of pollution. It was found that the WQI was slightly affected in the section evaluated. The value of the WQI was in the range of 56-64, which corresponded to the classification of 'good quality'. It was determined that 64.3% of the organic matter present in the river was removed in...
7.
Patterns and ecological consequences of abiotic heterogeneity in managed cork oak forests of Southern Spain - Quilchano, Consuelo; Marañón, Teodoro; Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel; Noejovich, L.; Valladares, Fernando; Zavala, Miguel A.
Spatial heterogeneity of abiotic factors influences the structure and function of forests and must be taken into account for their conservation and sustainable management. In this study, we evaluate the heterogeneity of abiotic environmental variables in managed cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests in southern Spain at patch, site and regional scales. The extent of spatial heterogeneity depended on the environmental variable examined and the scale considered. For example, soil Mn and P and light availability in the understorey were very heterogeneous at the regional scale, while soil N had low regional heterogeneity, but high spatial variability, at patch scale,...
8.
Caractrísticas mineralógicas de la Fracción inferior a 2μ en dystrandepts (II) - Cabezas Viaño, O.; Rodríguez Pascual, C.; Fernández Caldas, E.; Hernández Moreno, J.
The mineralogical composition of the clay fraction (minus-two-micron) of three soils profiles, has been studied by X ray diffraction and I. R. absorption techniques. Allophane is the most abundant mineral. The kaolin group is represented, mainly by halloysite as accompanying mineral. Quart is present mainly in the more superficial soil horizons.
In the clay fraction of these soil profiles, primary minerals have sometimes be found (felpars, pyroxenes, hematites, etc,) but they use be present in a much lower proportion than in other andosols of the Canary Islands.
9.
Características mineralógicas de la fracción inferior A 2$ en vitrandepts (IV) - Hernández Moreno, J.; Fernández Caldas, E.; Rodríguez Pascual, C.; Cabezas Viaño, O.
The mineralogical composition of the clay fraction ($2u) of four soil profiles from Zahagu, Tajanara, Chio. Chinyero, have been studied by X-ray diffraction and I. R. absorption techniques. This clay fraction contains a great amount of amorphous gels and some kaolin-type minerals (hallosyte and disordered kaolinite, probably in a transformation stage), they also contain allophane and illite.
Primary minerals present in the clay fraction of the four profiles are felspars and piroxenes.
Quartz and a-crystohallite are also founds in the clay fraction in some soil horizons.
10.
Diversity, occurrence, and life characteristics of natural entomopathogenic nematode populations from La Rioja (Northern Spain) under different agricultural management and their relationships with soil factors - Campos-Herrera, R.; Gómez Ros, J. M.; Escuer, M.; Cuadra, Luis; Barrios, Laura; Gutiérrez, Carmen
Natural entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) populations were surveyed in La Rioja (Northern Spain) during two consecutive years
(2003–2005) to study their diversity, occurrence, and life characteristics under different agricultural management representing natural
areas and perennial and annual crops from organic and conventional systems. Native EPN species and strains were identified using
morphological and molecular characteristics. Virulence, infection cycle length and reproductive potential were assessed using Galleria
mellonella larvae. The EPN occurrence was evaluated through abundance, recovery frequency, larval mortality percentage and EPN
population density. EPNs were also related to selected soil physical and chemical variables as well as to some soil pollutants such as
heavy metals and...
11.
Nutrient dynamics and eutrophication patterns in a semiarid wetland: the effects of fluctuating hydrology - Sánchez Carrillo, S.; Álvarez Cobelas, Miguel
A three-year study was carried out in Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park, a Spanish semi-arid wetland, to describe eutrophication patterns and the responses of the main primaryproducers in contrasting inundation years. Total and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus, phytoplankton chlorophyll-a(monthly) and emergent macrophyte cover (yearly) were measured together with water levels. Water balances were taken to assessphosphorus and nitrogen annual nutrient budgets. The wetland could be termed hypertrophic. Nutrients displayed distinct seasonality because nitrogen peaked both in winter and summer,whereas phosphorus did so in late spring and early summer. A reduction in both total nitrogen and phosphorus in humid yearsdue...
12.
Microstructural Characterization of Cyanobacterial Mats from the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica - Ríos, Asunción de los; Ascaso, Carmen; Wierzchos, Jacek; Fernández-Valiente, Eduardo; Quesada, Antonio
The three-dimensional structures of two types of cyanobacterium-dominated microbial mats from meltwater ponds on the McMurdo Ice Shelf were as determined by using a broad suite of complementary techniques, including optical and fluorescence microscopy, confocal scanning laser microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with back-scattered electron-imaging mode, low-temperature scanning electron microscopy, and microanalyitical X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. By using a combination of the different in situ microscopic techniques, the Antarctic microbial mats were found to be structures with vertical stratification of groups of cyanobacteria and mineral sediments, high contents of extracellular polymeric substances, and large void spaces occupied by water. In cyanobacterium-rich...
13.
Putative Porin of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) Bacteroids Induced by Glyphosate - María, Nuria de; Guevara, Angeles; Serra, M.ª Teresa; García-Luque, Isabel; González-Sama, Alfonso; García de Lacoba, Mario; Felipe, M.ª Rosario de; Fernández-Pascual, Mercedes
Application of glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl] glycine) to Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus)-nodulated lupin plants caused modifications in the protein pattern of bacteroids. The most significant change was the presence of a 44-kDa polypeptide in bacteroids from plants treated with the higher doses of glyphosate employed (5 and 10 mM). The polypeptide has been characterized by the amino acid sequencing of its N terminus and the isolation and nucleic acid sequencing of its encoding gene. It is putatively encoded by a single gene, and the protein has been identified as a putative porin. Protein modeling revealed the existence of several domains sharing similarity to...
14.
Reply to Comments by Buceta and Galeano Regarding the Article “The Universal Dynamics of Tumor Growth” - Brú, Antonio; Albertos, Sonia; Subiza, José Luis; López García-Asenjo, José; Brú, Isabel
In their comment on the article "The Universal Dynamics of Tumor Growth" by Brú et al. (2003), J. Buceta and J. Galeano imply that the analysis presented is incorrect and lacking in rigor. The article in question shows, using scaling analysis, that 16 in vitro-grown tumor lines and 15 in vivo tumors all have the same growth dynamics.
15.
The role of crown architecture for light harvesting and carbon gain in extreme light environmentes assessed with a structuraly realistic 3-D model - Valladares, Fernando; Pearcy, R.
Se presentan los resultados principales de varios estudios sobre las adaptaciones del follaje a ambientes lumínicos extremos. Plantas de ambientes oscuros (sotobosques de bosques templados y tropicales) y de ambientes muy luminosos (ecosistemas abiertos de tipo Mediterráneo) han sido estudiadas mediante un modelo (YPLANT) que permite la reconstrucción tridimensional de la parte aérea de las plantas e identificar los rasgos estructurales que determinan la interceptación de luz y la fotosíntesis y transpiraci6n potencial a nivel de toda la copa. Taxones no relacionados y con arquitecturas muy diferentes mostraron una eficiencia en la interceptaci6n de luz similar (convergencia funcional). La comparación...
16.
Caracterización de depósitos carbonáticos ligados a paleosurgencias en el sector de Batallones-Malcovadeso (Neógeno de la Cuenca de Madrid) - Pozo, M.; Casas Sáinz de Aja, José; Medina, J. A.; Calvo Sorando, J. P.; Silva, P. G.
En la zona de canteras de Valdeinfierno, en el sector de Batallones-Malcovadeso, parte centro-meridional de la Cuenca de Madrid, se ha reconocido una serie de depósitos carbonáticos que presentan geometría dómica y estructura interna columnar. Dentro de estos depósitos de carbonato se distinguen dos unidades. La inferior (U2) es mayoritariamente dolomítica y de estructura brechoide, y petrográficamente consiste en dolomicritas con cemento calcítico. La superior (U3) está formada tanto por dolomita como por calcita, y se caracteriza por el desarrollo de morfologías columnares de aspecto travertínico. Petrográficamente, los depósitos de esta unidad consisten en caliza con texturas alveolar y biogénica.
Entre...
17.
Tasas de acreción y características de los sedimentos actuales en el parque nacional Las Tablas de Daimiel (Ciudad Real) - Angeler, D. G.; Sánchez Carrillo, S.; Álvarez Cobelas, Miguel; Vizcayno Muñoz, C.
Las tasas de acreción registradas en el Parque Nacional Las Tablas de Daimiel son muy elevadas (2,38 ± 1,93 cm año-1 ) comparadas con las de la mayoría de los humedales. La distribución espacial de la acreción depende de las características topográficas del lecho, de la profundidad y del desarrollo de la vegetación, y es mayor a la entrada reduciéndose de manera significativa hacia la zona terminal del Parque. Se aprecian diferencias en el depósito en función de las características hidrodinámicas y bióticas existentes en cada zona del humedal, dominando los limos en las zonas de canal y las arenas...
18.
Estudio fitoquímico y actividad antialimentaria de Senna stipulacea - Valencia, E.; Valenzuela, E.; Barros, E.; Hernández, M.; Lazo, C.; Gutiérrez, Carmen; González Coloma, Azucena; González, A. G.; Bermejo Barrera, Jaime
We report the structure of a new phenolic compound from S. stipulaceae, which has been identified as the dimer 5-(3-formyl-4-hydroxyfenoxy)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde , together with five known compounds; also is evaluated the antifeedant activity of stems and leaves extracts in choice and no-choice assays.
19.
Optimización de la fertilización nitrogenada: procedimientos de análisis del suelo, toma de muestra y elección del tipo de fertilizante - Díez López, José Antonio
La fertilización nitrogenada no sólo persigue obtener un elevado retorno económico de la inversión a través de la calidad y producción optimizada del cultivo, sino también minimizar sus efectos sobre el medioambiente (lixiviación del nitrógeno residual del suelo hacia las aguas subterráneas, pérdidas de nitrógeno por desnitrificación ó volatilización).
Aunque el nitrógeno es, desde un punto de vista cuantitativo, el principal nutriente en la producción de los cultivos, en comparación con el fósforo y el potasio, los procedimientos seguidos para la fertilización nitrogenada han sido durante largo tiempo de resultado incierto y de escasa justificación científica.
20.
Effect of fallow land, cultivated pasture and abandoned pasture on soil fertility in two deforested Amazonian regions - Díez López, José Antonio; Polo, Alfredo; Díaz-Burgos, M. A.; Cerri, C. C.; Feigl, B. J.; Piccolo, M. C.
The effect of two practices adopted by settlers (abandoned pasture and fallow land) on soil fertility of two deforested Amazonian regions (Belém-Pará and Ariquemes-Rondônia) was studied. Whenever possible, cultivated pasture, over similar time periods in both cases and in natural forest, were employed as soil fertility reference standards. Nutrient dynamics was studied using the electroultra-filtration technique. In general, deforestation, as practiced in these areas, has a degrading effect on soil fertility. The effect of burning normally leads to a pH rise caused by ash. This usually yields a favorable transitory effect, improving soil fertility conditions, however not sufficient for plant...
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