AKT EPrints Archive
(476 recursos)
Publications from the Advanced Knowledge Technologies project (AKT).
Mostrando recursos 1 - 20 de 53
1.
APECKS: Using and Evaluating a Tool for Ontology Construction with Internal and External KA Support - Tennison, Dr Jeni; O'Hara, Dr Kieron; Shadbolt, Prof Nigel
This paper describes APECKS, an experimental tool for collaborative ontology construction. APECKS takes a different line to most ontology servers, in that it is designed for use by domain experts, possibly in the absence of a knowledge engineer, and its aim is to foster and support debate about domain ontologies. To that end, it does not enforce ideals of consistency or correctness, and instead allows different conceptualisations of a domain to coexist. The system architecture and lifecycle are introduced, and three extensive scenarios are outlined, showing how APECKS supports ontology construction, learning, ontology comparison and discussion. APECKS has also been...
2.
Constraints as Mobile Specifications in E-Commerce Applications - Hui, Dr Kit-ying; Gray, Prof Peter M. D.; Kemp, Dr Graham J. L.; Preece, Dr Alun D.
We show how quantified constraints expressed in a sub-language of first-order logic, against a shared data model that is free to evolve, provide an excellent way of transporting domain-specific semantics along with the data. In this form it can be processed automatically by various intelligent components, instead of requiring human intervention, as it would do if expressed in natural language. It can also be combined with other contraints, by algebraic transformation against common data model, and then passed to an appropriate solver. These techniques have been tested in a classic e-business application scenario: configuring a product from parts selected from...
4.
Mining Web Sites Using Unsupervised Adaptive Information Extraction - Ciravegna, Dr. Fabio; Dingli, Mr. Alexeie; Guthrie, Mr. David; Wilks, Prof. Yorick
Adaptive Information Extraction systems (IES) are currently used by some Semantic Web (SW) annotation tools as support to annotation (Handschuh et al., 2002; Vargas-Vera et al., 2002). They are generally based on fully supervised methodologies requiring fairly intense domain-specific annotation. Unfortunately, selecting representative examples may be difficult and annotations can be incorrect and require time. In this paper we present a methodology that drastically reduce (or even remove) the amount of manual annotation required when annotating consistent sets of pages. A very limited number of user-defined examples are used to bootstrap learning. Simple, high precision (and possibly high recall) IE...
5.
Using Information-Flow Theory to Enable Semantic Interoperability - Schorlemmer, Dr Marco; Kalfoglou, Dr Yannis
We observe an ever growing need for integration in today's research agendas across a variety of organisations. The proliferation of ontologies and other similar knowledge-rich and labour-intensive structures as well as their exposure to a distributed environment like the Web, and eventually its successor, the Semantic Web, justifies the need. Although a plethora of solutions have been proposed and used, there are many issues which remain unclear. The most striking one is the antithesis in the availability of solutions for semantic integration as opposed to the abundance of techniques and methods for syntactic integration. In this paper we make the...
6.
Magpie towards a semantic web browser - Dzbor, Dr Martin; Domingue, Dr John; Motta, Prof Enrico
Abstract. Web browsing involves two tasks: finding the right web page and then making sense of its content. So far, research has focused on supporting the task of finding web resources through standard information retrieval mecha-nisms, or semantics-enhanced search. Much less attention has been paid to the second problem. In this paper we describe Magpie, a tool which supports the in-terpretation of web pages. Magpie offers complementary knowledge sources, which a reader can call upon to quickly gain access to any background knowl-edge relevant to a web resource. Magpie automatically associates an ontology-based semantic layer to web resources, allowing relevant...
7.
TGVizTab: An Ontology Visualisation Extension for Protégé - Alani, Harith
Ontologies are gaining a lot of interest and many are being developed to provide a variety of knowledge services. There is an increasing need for tools to graphically and interactively visualise such modelling structures to enhance their clarification, verification and analysis. Protégé 2000 is one of the most popular ontology modelling tools currently available. This paper introduces TGVizTab; a new Protégé plugin based on TouchGraph technology to graphically visualise Protégés ontologies.
8.
Examining the Use of Conceptual Graphs in Adaptive Web-Based Systems that Aid Terminology Learning - Bontcheva, Dr Kalina; Dimitrova, Dr Vania
This paper discussed the use of Conceptual Graphs (CGs) for implementing tasks employed in
web-based educational systems that aid terminology learning. Specifically, we focus on two critical
issues in intelligent tutoring - student diagnosis and generation of adaptive explanations. Both
tasks are demonstrated in terminological domains where learners have to familiarize themselves with
concepts in a specific subject area (e.g. computing, finance, chemistry). Based on CG reasoning,
robust and computationally tractable algorithms for student modelling and adaptive explanation
generation are defined. Two intelligent systems are presented - STyLE-OLM and HYLITE+. STyLE-OLM is
an interactive learner modelling system that extracts extended models of the learners' cognition.
HYLITE+ is a...
9.
Automatic Report Generation from Ontologies: the MIAKT approach - Bontcheva, Dr Kalina; Wilks, Professor Yorick
This paper presented an approach for automatic generation of reports
from domain ontologies encoded in Semantic Web standards like OWL.
The paper identifies the challenges that need to be addressed when
generating text from RDF and OWL and demonstrates how the ontology is
used during the different stages of the generation process. The main
contribution is in showing how NLG tools that take Semantic Web
ontologies as their input can be designed to minimises the
portability effort, while offering better output than template-based
ontology verbalisers.
10.
Ontology-driven Question Answering in AquaLog - Lopez KMi, Miss Vanessa; Motta KMi, Professor Enrico
The semantic web vision is one in which rich, ontology-based semantic markup is widely available, both to enable sophisticated interoperability among agents and to support human web users in locating and making sense of information. The availability of semantic markup on the web also opens the way to novel, sophisticated forms of question answering. AquaLog is a portable question-answering system which takes queries expressed in natural language and an ontology as input and returns answers drawn from one or more knowledge bases (KBs), which instantiate the input ontology with domain-specific information. AquaLog makes use of the GATE NLP platform, string...
11.
Semantic Services in e-Learning: an Argumentation Case Study - Moreale, Miss E.; Vargas-Vera, Dr M.
This paper outlines an e-Learning services architecture offering semantic-based services to students and tutors, in particular ways to browse and obtain information through web services. Services could include registration, authentication, tutoring systems, smart question answering for students' queries, automated marking systems and a student essay service. These services - which might be added incrementally to the portal - could be integrated with various ontologies such as ontologies of educational organisations, students and courses.
In this paper, we describe a few scenarios in the e-learning domain and illustrate the role of a few services. We also describe in some detail a service...
12.
Indexing Student Essays Paragraphs Using LSA Over an Integrated Ontological Space - Burek, Mr G.G; Vargas-Vera, Dr M.; Moreale, Miss E.
A full understanding of text is out of reach of current human language technology. However, a shallow Natural Language Processing (NLP) approach can be used to provide automated help in the evaluation of essays. The main idea of this paper is that Latent Semantic Indexing (LSA) can be used in conjunction with ontologies and First order Logic (FOL) to locate segments relevant to a question in a student essay. Our test bed, in a first instance, is a set of ontologies such the AKT reference ontology (describing academic life), Newspaper and a Koala ontology (concerning koalas' habitat)
13.
Constraint Relaxation Techniques to Aid the Reuse of Knowledge Bases and Problem Solvers - Nordlander, Tomas Eric; Brown, Dr Ken; Sleeman, Prof Derek
Effective re-use of knowledge bases requires the identification of plausible combinations of both problem solvers and knowledge bases, which can be an expensive task. Can we identify impossible combinations quickly? The capabilities of combinations can be represented using constraints, and we propose using constraint relaxation to help eliminate impossible combinations. If a relaxed constraint representation of a combination is inconsistent then we know that the original combination is inconsistent as well. We examine different relaxation strategies based on constraint graph properties, and we show that removing constraints of low tightness is an efficient strategy which is also simple to implement.
14.
Event Recognition on News Stories and Semi-Automatic Population of an Ontology - Vargas-Vera, Dr Maria; Celjuska, Mr David
This paper describes a system which recognizes events on news stories. Our
system classifies stories and populates a hand-crafted ontology with new
instances of classes defined in it. Currently, our system recognizes events
which can be classified as belonging to a single category and it also
recognizes overlapping events within one article (more than one event is
recognized). In each case, the system provides a confidence value associated
to the suggested classification. Our system uses Information Extraction and
Machine Learning technologies. The system was tested using a corpus of 200
news articles from an archive of electronic news stories describing...
15.
OntoWeaver-S: Supporting the Design of Knowledge Portals - Lei, Ms Y; Motta, Prof E; Domingue, Dr J
This paper presents OntoWeaver-S, an ontology-based infrastructure for building knowledge portals. In particular, OntoWeaver-S is integrated with a comprehensive web service platform, IRS-II, for the publication, discovery, and execution of web services. In this way, OntoWeaver-S supports the access and provision of remote web services for knowledge portals. Moreover, it provides a set of comprehensive site ontologies to model and represent knowledge portals, and thus is able to offer high level support for the design and development process. Finally, OntoWeaver-S provides a set of powerful tools to support knowledge portals at design time as well as at run time.
16.
Model Checking Agent Dialogues
In this paper we address the challenges associated with the verification of correctness of communication between agents in Multi-Agent Systems. Our approach applies model-checking techniques to protocols which express interactions between a group of agents in the form of a dialogue. We define a lightweight protocol language which can express a wide range of dialogue types, and we use the SPIN model checker to verify properties of this language. Our early results show this approach has a high success rate in the detection of failures in agent dialogues.
17.
An Agent-based e-Science Experiment Builder
In this paper we demonstrate the use of agent technology to assist in the construction and enactment of e-Science experiments. Our approach is founded on the adaptation of an agent protocol language to perform composition of web services. We present a definition of the language, and show how it can be used to express e-Science experiments. We also describe a tool, called MagentA, which allows experiments to be rapidly constructed, verified, and enacted.
18.
Fundamental Laws of Dynamics for Computational Creativity - WEN, Dr. Guihua; Shadbolt, Professor Nigel
Dynamics for computational creativity forms a promising unified theoretical framework for cognitive science broadly construed. This paper discusses its some fundamental laws that can be employed to understand the mechanism of the mind, to find the solid theoretical foundation for and to practically support the implementation of creativity support systems. These laws include curved manifold law, completeness law, normal distribution law, boundary law, and asymmetric law. Finally, a prototype of creativity support system based on these laws is also illustrated
19.
Democracy, Ideology and Process Re-Engineering: Realising the Benefits of e-Government in Singapore
The re-engineering of governmental processes is a necessary condition for the realisation of the benefits of e-government. Several obstacles to such re-engineering exist. These include: (1) information processing thrives on transparency and amalgamation of data, whilst governments are constrained by principles of privacy and data separation; (2) top-down re-engineering may be resisted effectively from the bottom up. This paper analyses these obstacles in the way of re-engineering in Singapore a democratic one-party state where legislative and executive power lies with the Peoples Action Party and considers how that hegemony has aided the development of e-government.
20.
Using the Constraint Model as a Shared Representation of Intentions for Emergency Response - Wickler, Dr Gerhard; Tate, Prof Austin; Potter, Dr Stephen
The aim of this paper is to describe the I-X system with its underlying representation: . The latter can be seen as a description of an agent's intentions, which can be shared and communicated amongst multiple I-X agents to coordinate activities in an emergency response scenario. In general, an object describes the product of a synthesis task. In the multi-agent context it can be used to describe the intentions of an agent, although it also includes elements of beliefs about the world and goals to be achieved, thus showing a close relationship with the BDI agent model which we...
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