The KnowledgeBank at OSU
(40.703 recursos)
Knowledge Bank contains collections of presentations, publications and reports related to Ohio State University.
Mostrando recursos 1 - 20 de 26
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Tissue Tropisms of AAV Vectors Deficient in Receptor Binding - Crumrine, Jennette K.
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a single stranded DNA virus with an icosahedral 20-25 nm capsid comprised of three structural proteins, VP1, VP2, and VP3. AAV is of great interest as a gene therapy vector for the treatment of cancer and genetic diseases due to its ability to transduce both mitotic and postmitotic tissues, be produced at high titers, and mediate long-term gene expression without pathogenicity. However, one concern is that the AAV2 receptor, heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), is expressed on a wide variety of human tissues. This can cause unwanted gene transfer and expression when only a specific cell type...
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Quinone Reductase Activity and the Activation of Mitomycin C Cytotoxicity in the Lens Epithelial Cells - Cheng, Crystal
INTRODUCTION: Quinones, naturally found in the human body and environment, are highly reactive molecules that can be metabolized to free radicals and cause oxidative damage to ocular cells, contributing to eye disorders such as cataracts. The phase II detoxifying enzyme NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, also known as quinone reductase (QR), has been found to protect against quinone toxicity. High expression of QR has been detected in the lens epithelial cells. Identifying dietary compounds that promote high QR activity may be critical in preventing oxidative damage to the eye. Additionally, proliferation of residual lens epithelial cells after cataract surgery leads to...
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Most Common Sources of Specific Nutrients in Adolescents by Current Weight Status - Dannemiller, Amy
Childhood overweight has become a serious public health concern. Research regarding relationships among dietary factors, childhood obesity, eating patterns, and types of foods is warranted. It has been widely accepted the method of using BMI percentiles from the CDC growth charts to classify children into overweight (OW), at-risk (AR) and normal weight (NW) classes. Data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were examined for the US population and the age category stratification that I focused on was 12-18 year olds, males and females. Four categories were focused on as contributors to childhood overweight. In all of...
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Relations among Obesity, Adult Weight Status, and Cancer in U.S. Adults - Urchek, Ryan
Recent increases in obesity have been linked to the increased rates of cancer in the US. To explore the relationship between adulthood obesity patterns and risk for obesity-related cancers, we explored adult weight gain patterns among those with a diagnosis of obesity-related cancers compared to those with non-obesity related cancers or no cancer history. Adults (>45 years) from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with complete weight history and medical conditions questionnaires were included. NHANES is a program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of the U.S. population. Weight patterns were assessed using...
6.
Smoking Cessation Protocols in Ohio Hospitals - Ardito, Marjorie A.
BACKGROUND: The Clinical Practice Guideline for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence has been shown to be a successful format for clinicians to provide smoking cessation, but there is no research to see how frequently the guideline is implemented in a hospital setting. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to describe the current practice regarding the use of inpatient smoking cessation protocols in Ohio hospitals, to determine if the protocols are based on the Guideline, and to determine if there are differences in practice. METHODS: A survey research design was utilized in this project. A survey instrument was developed The...
7.
Elevation: Retarding edema formation in the acute lateral ankle sprain - Hageman, Jason D.
Purpose of the Study:
Ankle sprains are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries among athletes and are associated with all five signs of acute inflammation: redness, warmth, pain, edema, and loss of function. In the acute management of ankle sprains the current standard of care is to apply a treatment often referred to as R.I.C.E.(rest, ice, compression, and elevation). The elevation portion of this treatment is used in an attempt to retard edema formation. However, the efficacy of elevation in retarding edema formation following acute injury is unknown. It is unclear whether elevation plays any therapeutic role in acute injury management....
10.
Electromyographic Indicators of Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury - Santiago, Raquel
Spinal cord injury (SCI) impairs locomotion and therefore diminishes quality of life. In the US, 11,000 new cases annually yield 175,000 to 275,000 people living with SCI. Many studies analyze recovery from SCI employing behavioral and anatomical measurements, but few measure muscle activity with electromyography (EMG) in the rat, the species most used for SCI research. EMG can measure muscle recruitment patterns as an indication of the organization of motor control patterns for locomotion. The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in muscle activation of selected hindlimb muscles, determine which muscles best indicated differences between rats with...
11.
Body Perception among At-Risk for Overweight and Overweight Adolescents and the Relation to Certain Personal Characteristics and Health Lifestyle Behaviors - Davis, Lisa
Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to see if body perception among overweight and obese adolescents related to personal characteristics and health behaviors, including weight management practices.
Methods: This was a retrospective, causal-comparative study. T he sample population came from the YRBSS (Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 14.0) was used for analysis of the data. Preliminary analyses indicated sufficient numbers for desired segmentation of the dataset. Crosstabs with Chi Square analysis were used to test the differences in BMI percentile to the perceived body weight based upon sex and...
13.
Structural Characterization and Ligand Specific Protein Interactions of Androgen Receptor - Baker, Stacy
Background: Androgen receptor (AR) is a protein in the human body that binds various steroidal androgens such as testosterone and causes specific anabolic and androgenic activities. Current methods of androgen therapy are limited in use because of their inability to target anabolic versus androgenic activities. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are nonsteroidal AR ligands that hold clinical promise in that they have the ability to selectively target anabolic versus androgenic activities, because they have the ability to act as agonists and antagonists in various tissues. Despite all that is known about SARM pharmacology, there is limited information about their structure,...
14.
MICROEMBOLI INTRODUCTION WITH VENOUS CANNULA OBSTRUCTION AND VARYING METHODS OF VENOUS DRAINAGE - Rance, Geoffrey
During extracorporeal circulation, negative pressure is generated in the venous cannula and line. Whenever there is negative pressure, the potential exists that gaseous
microemboli (GME) will be introduced into the blood, whether it is pulled out of solution or into the cannula through the purse string sutures. This negative pressure is augmented when the vena cava collapses over the tip of the cannula, increasingly the likelihood that GME enter the cannula and venous line. This research aimed to determine if one particular method of venous drainage (siphon, vacuum, or kinetic) causes more GME to be introduced across the venous cannula...
17.
Gray Scale Assessment of Axillary Lymph Nodes in Women Suspected of Breast Cancer - Boyd, Ashley
Breast cancer is currently listed as the number two disease in the United States contributing to death in elderly women. Because breast cancer is more prevalent and presents at an advanced stage in older women, less invasive procedures are needed to assess the extent of the disease. Axillary lymph nodes play a major role for staging breast cancer. Ultrasound has the potential to provide noninvasive, non-ionizing, measurements to assess axillary lymph nodes to determine the prognosis of the disease. Fifty four women ages 55 and older were consented for this study. These participants were recruited once they were referred to...
20.
The Usage of Biomedical Treatments for Children with Autism: A Descriptive Study - Morgenstern, Jennifer
The purpose of this study was to determine if the parents of children with autism sought biomedical interventions (dietary supplements and special diets) following the positive diagnosis of their child. Approval was obtained from the Ohio State University (OSU) Institutional Review Board. Names and phone numbers of children who had a positive diagnosis for an Autism Spectrum disorder, including classic autism, Asperger’s, and Persuasive Developmental Disability- Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) were obtained from three OSU diagnostic clinics where these patients had been seen over the past 1-25 months. Fifty-five families were identified from the database and contacted by phone regarding...
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