PubMed Central (PMC3 - NLM DTD)
(2,081,148 recursos)
Archive of life sciences journal literature at the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), developed and managed by NIH's National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) in the National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Mostrando recursos 161 - 180 de 1,849
161.
SELDI-TOF proteomic profiling of breast carcinomas identifies clinicopathologically relevant groups of patients similar to previously defined clusters from cDNA expression - Zeidan, Bashar A; Townsend, Paul A
Expression profiling and biomarker(s) discovery aim to provide means for tumour diagnosis, classification, therapy response and prognosis. The identification of novel markers could potentially lead to the building of robust early detection strategies and personalized, effective breast cancer therapies that would improve patient outcome. Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that genomic expression profiling using microarray analysis is a reliable method for breast cancer classification and prognostication. However, genes clearly do not act by themselves, or indeed they do not have catalytic or signalling capabilities. Hence, genetic biomarker information alone cannot perfectly predict cancer and its response to treatment. Genes clearly...
162.
Breast cancer stem cells: implications for therapy of breast cancer - Morrison, Brian J; Schmidt, Chris W; Lakhani, Sunil R; Reynolds, Brent A; Lopez, J Alejandro
The concept of cancer stem cells responsible for tumour origin, maintenance, and resistance to treatment has gained prominence in the field of breast cancer research. The therapeutic targeting of these cells has the potential to eliminate residual disease and may become an important component of a multimodality treatment. Recent improvements in immunotherapy targeting of tumour-associated antigens have advanced the prospect of targeting breast cancer stem cells, an approach that might lead to more meaningful clinical remissions. Here, we review the role of stem cells in the healthy breast, the role of breast cancer stem cells in disease, and the potential...
163.
Molecular targeted therapies for breast cancer treatment - Schlotter, Claus M; Vogt, Ulf; Allgayer, Heike; Brandt, Burkhard
Targeting the oestrogen receptor, HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and vascular endothelial growth factor has markedly improved breast cancer therapy. New targeted therapeutic approaches to induction of apoptosis or inhibition of anti-apoptosis, cell cycle progression, signal transduction and angiogenesis are described. The molecular pathways and their inhibitory or repair mechanisms are discussed in the preclinical and clinical settings.
164.
Variation in breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers - Rebbeck, Timothy R; Domchek, Susan M
Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations can provide important information for women who are concerned about their breast and ovarian cancer risks and need to make relevant prevention and medical management decisions. However, lifetime risks of breast cancer in individual BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have been confusing to apply in clinical decision-making. Published risk estimates vary significantly and are very dependent on the characteristics of the population under study. Recently, Begg and colleagues estimated cancer risks in a population-based study of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Here, we discuss the clinical decision-making implications of this research in the context of risk...
165.
Multifunctional roles of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 in breast cancer - Akkiprik, Mustafa; Feng, Yumei; Wang, Huamin; Chen, Kexin; Hu, Limei; Sahin, Aysegul; Krishnamurthy, Savitri; Ozer, Ayse; Hao, Xishan; Zhang, Wei
The insulin-like growth factor axis, which has been shown to protect cells from apoptosis, plays an essential role in normal cell physiology and in cancer development. The family of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) has been shown to have a diverse spectrum of functions in cell growth, death, motility, and tissue remodeling. Among the six IGFBP family members, IGFBP-5 has recently been shown to play an important role in the biology of breast cancer, especially in breast cancer metastasis; however, the exact mechanisms of action remain obscure and sometimes paradoxical. An in-depth understanding of IGFBP-5 would shed light on...
166.
Regulation of cancer stem cells by p53 - Jerry, D Joseph; Tao, Luwei; Yan, Haoheng
The hypothesis that cancer stem cells are responsible for the chemoresistant and metastatic phenotypes of many breast cancers has gained support using cell-sorting strategies to enrich the tumor-initiating population of cells. The mechanisms regulating the cancer stem cell pool, however, are less clear. Two recent publications suggest that loss of p53 permits expansion of presumptive cancer stem cells in mouse mammary tumors and in human breast cell lines. These results add restriction of cancer stem cells as a new tumor suppressor activity attributed to p53.
167.
Unlocking the power of cross-species genomic analyses: identification of evolutionarily conserved breast cancer networks and validation of preclinical models - Bennett, Christina N; Green, Jeffrey E
The application of high-throughput genomic technologies has revealed that individual breast tumors display a variety of molecular features that require more personalized approaches to treatment. Several recent studies have demonstrated that a cross-species analytic approach provides a powerful means to filter through genetic complexity by identifying evolutionarily conserved genetic networks that are fundamental to the oncogenic process. Mouse-human tumor comparisons will provide insights into cellular origins of tumor subtypes, define interactive oncogenetic networks, identify potential novel therapeutic targets, and further validate as well as guide the selection of genetically engineered mouse models for preclinical testing.
168.
Breast cancer stem cell markers – the rocky road to clinical applications - Dontu, Gabriela
Lately, understanding the role of cancer stem cells in tumor initiation and progression became a major focus in stem cell biology and in cancer research. Considerable efforts, such as the recent studies by Honeth and colleagues, published in the June issue of Breast Cancer Research, are directed towards developing clinical applications of the cancer stem cell concepts. This work shows that the previously described CD44+CD24- stem cell phenotype is associated with basal-type breast cancers in human patients, in particular BRCA1 inherited cancers, but does not correlate with clinical outcome. These very interesting findings caution that the success of our efforts...
170.
A gene signature of loss of oestrogen receptor (ER) function and oxidative stress links ER-positive breast tumours with an absent progesterone receptor and a poor prognosis - Neven, Patrick; Van Gorp, Toon; Deraedt, Karen
Prognostic gene signatures like the wound and hypoxia signature differ by assumptions of cellular growth. Although gene signatures show little overlap, they also track within the group of luminal breast tumours those with a high proliferation and poor prognosis. Oxidative stress is another assumption of cellular growth. It affects several pathological conditions through its influence on the regulation of protein kinases and signal transduction pathways. A comprehensive set of 62 core genes from cultured oestrogen- and oestrogen receptor-deprived epithelial breast cancer cells is responsive to three forms of oxidative stress. Evidence is presented that oxidative stress involves the development of...
171.
The evolving role of oestrogen receptor beta in clinical breast cancer - Speirs, Valerie
Controversy surrounds the potential clinical importance of oestrogen receptor (ER)β in breast cancer, and three recent papers have sought to resolve this. In the present issue of Breast Cancer Research Novelli and colleagues explored the significance of ERβ1 expression in 936 breast cancer patients, and they showed diverse relationships according to lymph node status. A second paper examined 442 breast cancers in which ERβ1 was an independent predictor of recurrence, disease-free survival and overall survival. Finally a third paper showed that ERβ2 was a powerful prognostic indicator in 757 breast cancers but this was dependent on cellular location, with nuclear...
173.
Highway to heaven: mammary gland development and differentiation - Melchor, Lorenzo; Smalley, Matthew J
In recent years, the mammary gland epithelium has been shown to be a mixture of differentiated cell populations in a hierarchical relationship with their stem and progenitor cells. However, the mechanisms that regulate their cellular differentiation processes are still unclear. The identification of genes that govern stem and progenitor cell expansion, or that determine daughter cell fate, will be of crucial interest for understanding breast cancer diversity and, ultimately, improving treatment. Two recent analyses have identified some of the key genes that regulate these processes, lighting up the highway to normal mammary gland development.
174.
On the way to specifically targeting minimal residual disease? - Gebauer, Gerhard
The target of all adjuvant systemic therapies after surgery in breast cancer is the eradication of a minimal subclinical residual disease. Although it is well known that tumor cell dissemination takes place already at an early stage of the disease, little is known about the tumorbiological parameters of these residual cells. Selection of patients eligible for adjuvant endocrine therapies is based on the analysis of receptor expression in the primary tumor – although the analysis is directed against disseminated tumor cells, these cells may vary in receptor expression in comparison with the primary tumor.
175.
Functional genomic analysis of drug sensitivity pathways to guide adjuvant strategies in breast cancer - Swanton, Charles; Szallasi, Zoltan; Brenton, James D; Downward, Julian
The widespread introduction of high throughput RNA interference screening technology has revealed tumour drug sensitivity pathways to common cytotoxics such as paclitaxel, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil, targeted agents such as trastuzumab and inhibitors of AKT and Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) as well as endocrine therapies such as tamoxifen. Given the limited power of microarray signatures to predict therapeutic response in associative studies of small clinical trial cohorts, the use of functional genomic data combined with expression or sequence analysis of genes and microRNAs implicated in drug response in human tumours may provide a more robust method to guide adjuvant treatment strategies in...
176.
The transition from ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer: the other side of the coin - Schnitt, Stuart J
The factors associated with the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer are poorly understood. Many studies of this subject focus on the role of molecular and genetic alterations in the neoplastic epithelial cells. However, emerging evidence suggests that transition from DCIS to invasive cancer is strongly dependent upon alterations in the microenvironment. The potential roles of myoepithelial cells and of stromal-epithelial interaction are of particular interest in this regard.
177.
Breaking down barriers: the importance of the stromal microenvironment in acquiring invasiveness in young women's breast cancer - Schedin, Pepper; Borges, Virginia
Gene expression profiling was performed on laser captured breast stroma and epithelium obtained from 14 breast cancer patients. As with breast epithelium, of the stromal gene expression changes observed between normal tissue and invasive ductal carcinoma, greater than 90% occurred early, at the normal to ductal carcinoma in situ transition. Only 10% of stromal and 0% of epithelial genes were differentially regulated between non-invasive ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive disease. These data suggest that the majority of gene expression changes required for transformation occur early, prior to histological evidence of an invasive phenotype, the stroma cooperates closely with epithelium...
179.
New highlights on stromaepithelial interactions in breast cancer - Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen; Medina, Daniel
Although the stroma in which carcinomas arise has been previously regarded as a bystander to the clonal expansion and acquisition of malignant characteristics of tumor cells, it is now generally acknowledged that stromal changes are required for the establishment of cancer. In the present article, we discuss three recent publications that highlight the complex role the stroma has during the development of cancer and the potential for targeting the stroma by therapeutic approaches.
180.
Recent translational research: computational studies of breast cancer - Retsky, Michael; Demicheli, Romano; Hrushesky, William; Speer, John; Swartzendruber, Douglas; Wardwell, Robert
The combination of mathematics queen of sciences and the general utility of computers has been used to make important inroads into insight-providing breast cancer research and clinical aids. These developments are in two broad areas. First, they provide useful prognostic guidelines for individual patients based on historic evidence. Second, by suggesting numeric tumor growth laws that are correlated to clinical parameters, they permit development of biologically relevant theories and comparison with patient data to help us understand complex biologic processes. These latter studies have produced many new ideas that are testable in clinical trials. In this review we...
161.
