PubMed Central (PMC3 - NLM DTD)
(2,081,148 recursos)
Archive of life sciences journal literature at the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), developed and managed by NIH's National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) in the National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Mostrando recursos 61 - 80 de 1,849
61.
Estrogen regulation of mammary gland development and breast cancer: amphiregulin takes center stage - LaMarca, Heather L; Rosen, Jeffrey M
Estrogen-mediated proliferation is fundamental to normal mammary gland development. Recent studies have demonstrated that amphiregulin is a critical paracrine regulator of estrogen action during ductal morphogenesis. These studies implicate a critical role for amphiregulin in mammary stem cell differentiation as well as breast cancer initiation and progression.
62.
Mammary stem cell number as a determinate of breast cancer risk - Ginestier, Christophe; Wicha, Max S
The 'cancer stem cell hypothesis' posits that cancers, including breast cancer, arise in tissue stem or progenitor cells. If this is the case, then it follows that the risk for developing breast cancer may be determined in part by the number of breast stem/progenitor cells that can serve as targets for transformation. Stem cell number may be set during critical windows of development, including in utero, adolescence, and pregnancy. The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis may play an important role in regulating breast stem cell number during these developmental windows, suggesting an important link between this signaling pathway and breast...
63.
Inflammation and breast cancer. Inflammatory component of mammary carcinogenesis in ErbB2 transgenic mice - Calogero, Raffaele Adolfo; Cordero, Francesca; Forni, Guido; Cavallo, Federica
This review addresses genes differentially expressed in the mammary gland transcriptome during the progression of mammary carcinogenesis in BALB/c mice that are transgenic for the rat neu (ERBB2, or HER-2/neu) oncogene (BALB-neuT664V-E mice). The Ingenuity knowledge database was used to characterize four functional association networks whose hub genes are directly linked to inflammation (specifically, the genes encoding IL-1?, tumour necrosis factor, interferon-?, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CC chemokine ligand-2) and are increasingly expressed during such progression. In silico meta-analysis in a human breast cancer dataset suggests that proinflammatory activation in the mammary glands of these mice reflects a general pattern of...
64.
Inflammation and breast cancer. Balancing immune response: crosstalk between adaptive and innate immune cells during breast cancer progression - DeNardo, David G; Coussens, Lisa M
Recent insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer development have revealed that immune cells functionally regulate epithelial cancer development and progression. Moreover, accumulated clinical and experimental data indicate that the outcome of an immune response toward an evolving breast neoplasm is largely determined by the type of immune response elicited. Acute tumor-directed immune responses involving cytolytic T lymphocytes appear to protect against tumor development, whereas immune responses involving chronic activation of humoral immunity, infiltration by Th2 cells, and protumor-polarized innate inflammatory cells result in the promotion of tumor development and disease progression. Herein we review this body of...
65.
Amping up estrogen receptors in breast cancer - Fowler, Amy M; Alarid, Elaine T
This article highlights a recent study by Holst et al. in Nature Genetics that finds estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-?) amplification in early benign lesions and more advanced invasive carcinomas of the breast, and discusses the potential implications to our present understanding of the role of ER-? in breast tumorigenesis.
61.
