PubMed Central (PMC3 - NLM DTD)
(2,081,148 recursos)
Archive of life sciences journal literature at the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), developed and managed by NIH's National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) in the National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Mostrando recursos 361 - 380 de 4,536
361.
Circulating Inflammatory Mediators during Start of Fever in Differential Diagnosis of Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Infections in Leukopenic Rats - Tavares, Eva; Maldonado, Rosario; Ojeda, Maria L.; Miñano, Francisco J.
Gram-negative and gram-positive infections have been considered the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with leukopenia following chemotherapy. However, discrimination between bacterial infections and harmless fever episodes is difficult. Because classical inflammatory signs of infection are often absent and fever is frequently the only sign of infection, the aim of this study was to assess the significance of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) patterns in identifying bacterial infections during start of fever in normal and cyclophosphamide-treated (leukopenic) rats following an injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or muramyl dipeptide (MDP)...
362.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detection of Equine Antibodies Specific to Sarcocystis neurona Surface Antigens - Hoane, Jessica S.; Morrow, Jennifer K.; Saville, William J.; Dubey, J. P.; Granstrom, David E.; Howe, Daniel K.
Sarcocystis neurona is the primary causative agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), a common neurologic disease of horses in the Americas. We have developed a set of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on the four major surface antigens of S. neurona (SnSAGs) to analyze the equine antibody response to S. neurona. The SnSAG ELISAs were optimized and standardized with a sample set of 36 equine sera that had been characterized by Western blotting against total S. neurona parasite antigen, the current gold standard for S. neurona serology. The recombinant SnSAG2 (rSnSAG2) ELISA showed the highest sensitivity and specificity at 95.5%...
363.
Monoclonal Antibodies against Enterocytozoon bieneusi of Human Origin - Sheoran, Abhineet S.; Feng, Xiaochuan; Singh, Inderpal; Chapman-Bonofiglio, Susan; Kitaka, Sabrina; Hanawalt, Joel; Nunnari, John; Mansfield, Keith; Tumwine, James K.; Tzipori, Saul
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is clinically the most significant among the microsporidia infecting humans, causing chronic diarrhea, wasting, and cholangitis in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS. The lack of immune reagents is largely due to the absence of methods for laboratory propagation of E. bieneusi. We recently described a procedure for the concentration and purification of spores from diarrheic stool of infected humans. Purified spores were used to immunize mice for production and screening of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against E. bieneusi. The eight immunoglobulin M MAbs generated and fully characterized did not cross-react with other human microsporidia or with other microorganisms normally...
364.
Avidity Determinations for Haemophilus influenzae Type b Anti-Polyribosylribitol Phosphate Antibodies - Romero-Steiner, Sandra; Holder, Patricia F.; Gomez de Leon, Patricia; Spear, Willie; Hennessy, Thomas W.; Carlone, George M.
Determination of antibody avidity measurements can be difficult in human serum depending on the population evaluated. We evaluated three approaches for the determination of antibody avidity for immunoglobulin G (IgG). These approaches were (i) elution of bound antibody with increasing concentrations of a chaotropic agent using a single serum dilution, (ii) binding interference of multiple serum dilutions by a single concentration of a chaotrope, and (iii) elution of multiple serum dilutions by a single concentration of a chaotrope. Parameters that affect the determination of avidity measurements and their limitations were evaluated with pre- and post-Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination...
366.
Evaluation of Three Immunoassays Used for Detection of Anti-Rubella Virus Immunoglobulin M Antibodies - Dimech, Wayne; Panagiotopoulos, Lena; Marler, Joan; Laven, Nicolas; Leeson, Susan; Dax, Elizabeth M.
Three automated assays (Abbott AxSYM, Bayer ADVIA Centaur, and bioMerieux VIDAS) used for the detection of rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin M were evaluated. A total of 57 samples from individuals with evidence of infection with rubella virus were used to estimate sensitivity, and 220 samples from blood donors and individuals attending an antenatal clinic who had no evidence of recent infection were used to estimate specificity. Seroconversion panels comprising an additional 31 samples from four individuals were used to determine clinical sensitivity. Samples containing potentially cross-reacting substances were also tested. The sensitivities of the three assays ranged from 84.2 to 96.5%,...
367.
Role of Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Immune Effects Mediated by Gram-Positive Probiotic Bacteria: Involvement of Toll-Like Receptors - Vinderola, Gabriel; Matar, Chantal; Perdigon, Gabriela
The mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria exert their effects on the immune system are not completely understood, but the epithelium may be a crucial player in the orchestration of the effects induced. In a previous work, we observed that some orally administered strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased the number of immunoglobulin A (IgA)-producing cells in the small intestine without a concomitant increase in the CD4+ T-cell population, indicating that some LAB strains induce clonal expansion only of B cells triggered to produce IgA. The present work aimed to study the cytokines induced by the interaction of probiotic LAB...
368.
Application of a Stool Antigen Test To Evaluate the Incidence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children and Adolescents from Tehran, Iran - Falsafi, Tahereh; Valizadeh, Nargess; Sepehr, Shayesteh; Najafi, Mehri
Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired mainly in childhood, especially in developing countries, where a low-cost, rapid diagnostic technique which is reliable for all age groups may be useful for the management of H. pylori infection. For this purpose, we used an HpSA test (Equipar) to detect H. pylori infection in children and adolescents from Tehran, Iran. Thirty-five children who were positive or negative for H. pylori infection by endoscopy-based tests were used as positive and negative controls for the HpSA test. Stools were collected from 430 randomly selected children and adolescents (4 to 18 years old) from southwest, near the...
369.
A Decline in C6 Antibody Titer Occurs in Successfully Treated Patients with Culture-Confirmed Early Localized or Early Disseminated Lyme Borreliosis - Philipp, Mario T.; Wormser, Gary P.; Marques, Adriana R.; Bittker, Susan; Martin, Dale S.; Nowakowski, John; Dally, Leonard G.
C6, a Borrelia burgdorferi-derived peptide, is used as the antigen in the C6-Lyme disease diagnostic test. We assessed retrospectively whether a fourfold decrease or a decrease to a negative value in anti-C6 antibody titer is positively correlated with a positive response to treatment in a sample of culture-confirmed patients with either early localized (single erythema migrans [EM]; n = 93) or early disseminated (multiple EM; n = 27) disease. All of these patients had been treated with antibiotics and were free of disease within 6 to 12 months of follow-up. Results show that a serum specimen taken at this time...
370.
Diagnosis of Tetanus Immunization Status: Multicenter Assessment of a Rapid Biological Test - Colombet, Isabelle; Saguez, Colette; Sanson-Le Pors, Marie-José; Coudert, Benoît; Chatellier, Gilles; Espinoza, Pierre;
Diagnosis of tetanus immunization status by medical interview of patients with wounds is poor. Many protected patients receive unnecessary vaccine or immunoglobulin, and unprotected patients may receive nothing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of the Tetanos Quick Stick (TQS) rapid finger prick stick test in the emergency department for determining immunization status. We designed a prospective multicenter study for blinded comparison of TQS with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Adults referred for open wounds in 37 French hospital emergency departments had the TQS after receiving standard care (emergency-TQS). TQS was also performed in...
371.
Detection of Immune Complexes Is Not Independent of Detection of Antibodies in Lyme Disease Patients and Does Not Confirm Active Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi - Marques, Adriana R.; Hornung, Ronald L.; Dally, Len; Philipp, Mario T.
The Borrelia burgdorferi-specific immune complex (IC) test, which uses polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation to isolate ICs from serum, has been used as a research test in the laboratory diagnosis of early Lyme disease (LD) and has been proposed as a marker of active infection. We examined whether B. burgdorferi-specific antibodies were present within PEG-precipitated ICs (PEG-ICs) in patients with LD, posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome, and controls, including individuals who received the outer surface protein A (OspA) vaccine. Using a B. burgdorferi whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we obtained positive PEG-IC results not only in patients with a history of LD,...
372.
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (HLA-DRB and -DQB) Allele Frequencies in Botswana: Association with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection - Ndung'u, Thumbi; Gaseitsiwe, Simani; Sepako, Enoch; Doualla-Bell, Florence; Peter, Trevor; Kim, Soyeon; Thior, Ibou; Novitsky, Vladimir A.; Essex, Max
Southern Africa is facing an unprecedented public health crisis due to the high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Vaccine development and testing efforts, mainly based on elicitation of HIV-specific T cells, are under way. To understand the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles in HIV pathogenesis and to facilitate HLA-based HIV-1 vaccine design, we analyzed the frequencies of HLA class II alleles within the southern African country of Botswana. Common HLA class II alleles were identified within the Batswana population through the molecular genotyping of DRB and DQB1 loci. The DRB1 allele groups DRB1*01,...
373.
Utilization of Follow-Up Specimens from Viremic Blood Donors To Assess the Value of West Nile Virus Immunoglobulin G Avidity as an Indicator of Recent Infection - Prince, Harry E.; Lapé-Nixon, Mary; Busch, Michael P.; Tobler, Leslie H.; Foster, Gregory A.; Stramer, Susan L.
The value of West Nile virus immunoglobulin G avidity for distinguishing recent from past infection was investigated using 348 follow-up specimens from 170 viremic blood donors. Low avidity accurately indicated infection within the previous 4 months. However, due to rapid avidity maturation in some individuals, high avidity did not accurately indicate past infection.
374.
LNFPIII/LeX-Stimulated Macrophages Activate Natural Killer Cells via CD40-CD40L Interaction - Atochina, Olga; Harn, Donald
Lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII) is a human milk sugar containing the biologically active Lewis X (LeX) trisaccharide. LNFPIII/LeX is also expressed by immunosuppressive helminth parasites, by bacteria, and on a number of tumor/cancer cells. In this report, we first demonstrate that LNFPIII activates macrophages in vitro as indicated by upregulation of Gr-1 expression on F4/80+ cells. Further, we investigated the effect of LNFPIII-activated macrophages on NK cell activity. We found that LNFPIII-stimulated F4/80+ cells were able to activate NK cells, inducing upregulation of CD69 expression and gamma interferon (IFN-?) production. The experiments show that NK cell activation is macrophage dependent, since...
375.
Comparison of the Antibodies in Lymphocyte Supernatant and Antibody-Secreting Cell Assays for Measuring Intestinal Mucosal Immune Response to a Novel Oral Typhoid Vaccine (M01ZH09) - Kirkpatrick, B. D.; Bentley, Matthew D.; Thern, Anette M.; Larsson, Catherine J.; Ventrone, Cassandra; Sreenivasan, Meera V.; Bourgeois, Lou
Antibody-secreting cell (ASC) and antibodies in lymphocyte supernatant (ALS) assays are used to assess intestinal mucosal responses to enteric infections and vaccines. The ALS assay, performed on cell supernatants, may represent a convenient alternative to the more established ASC assay. The two methods, measuring immunoglobulin A to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi lipopolysaccharide, were compared in volunteers vaccinated with a live-attenuated typhoid vaccine M01ZH09. The specificity of the ALS assay compared to the ASC assay was excellent (100%), as was sensitivity (82%). The ALS assay was less sensitive than the ASC assay at ?42 spots/106 peripheral blood lymphocytes.
377.
Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Develop a Strong Humoral Response against Methylated Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin - Zanetti, Stefania; Bua, Alessandra; Delogu, Giovanni; Pusceddu, Cinzia; Mura, Maristella; Saba, Franca; Pirina, Piero; Garzelli, Carlo; Vertuccio, Cono; Sechi, Leonardo A.; Fadda, Giovanni
Reactivities of human sera against selected recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results obtained indicate that patients with tuberculosis (TB) do not develop a strong humoral response against PE_PGRS and PPE proteins or against the Ag85B and heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) recombinant antigens. Conversely, purified methylated HBHA was strongly recognized by sera obtained from TB patients compared to controls.
378.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Levels of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate in Plasma among Indians - Kandathil, A. J.; Kannangai, R.; David, S.; Selvakumar, R.; Job, V.; Abraham, O. C.; Sridharan, G.
The shift in cytokine profile during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression is influenced by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) level. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma DHEAS for 30 treatment-naïve HIV-infected and 30 uninfected individuals. There was a significant negative correlation of viral load with DHEAS level (P < 0.05). Further studies of the use of DHEAS levels for monitoring HIV patients economically are warranted.
379.
Assessment of Interleukin-12, Gamma Interferon, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Secretion in Sera from Mice Fed with Dietary Lipids during Different Stages of Listeria monocytogenes Infection - Puertollano, María A.; Cruz-Chamorro, Lidia; Puertollano, Elena; Pérez-Toscano, María T.; Álvarez de Cienfuegos, Gerardo; de Pablo, Manuel A.
Recent experimental observations have determined that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress immune functions and are involved in the reduction of infectious disease resistance. BALB/c mice were fed for 4 weeks with one of four diets containing either olive oil (OO), fish oil (FO), hydrogenated coconut oil, or a low fat level. Interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70), gamma interferon (IFN-?), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) production in the sera of mice fed these diets and challenged with Listeria monocytogenes were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, bacterial counts from spleens of mice were carried out at 24, 72, or 96 h...
361.
