DSpace at MIT
(35.360 recursos)
This site is a university repository providing access to the publication output of the institution. Registered users can set up email alerts to notify them of newly added relevant content. A certain level of encryption and security is embedded in the site which may cause some users accessibility problems.
8.
Tables for stepwise multiple comparison procedures
"Supported in part by NSF Grant GJ-1154X3 to the National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge Computer Research Center." "This paper presents tables ... discussed in the article Stepwise multiple comparison procedures by Roy E. Welsch in the September 1977 issue of the Journal of the American Statistical Association." Chiefly tables.
11.
Problem Investigation in High-Hazard Industries: Creating and Negotiational Learning - Hatakenaka, Sachi; Rudolph, Jenny; Carroll, John S.
High-hazard or high-reliability organizations are ideal for the study of organizational learning processes because of their intense mindfulness regarding problems. We examine 27 problem investigation teams at 3 nuclear power plants whose task was to report to management about causes and corrective actions and thereby contribute to organizational learning and change. Questionnaires were given to team members and
manager recipients of the team reports, and team reports were coded regarding their analyses and recommendations. Our results showed variable depth and creativity in the reports, with better reports associated with more team training and experience,
and more diversity of work experience. Ratings of...
12.
Reading Courtesy Amounts on Handwritten Paper Checks - Palacios, Rafael; Wang, Patrick S.P.; Gupta, Amar
In spite of the rapid advances in computers and communication technologies, a number
of large-scale applications continue to rely heavily on the use of paper as the dominant
medium, either in an intra-organizational or an inter-organizational environment. One
major example of this category of paper intensive applications is the check processing
application. In a number of countries, the value of each check is read by human eyes
before the check is physically transported, in stages, from the point it was presented to
the location of the branch of the bank which issued the blank check to the concerned
account holder....
13.
On Trees and Logs - Pavlova, Anna; Cass, David
In this paper we critically examine the main workhorse model in asset pricing theory,
the Lucas (1978) tree model (LT-Model), extended to include heterogeneous agents
and multiple goods, and contrast it to the benchmark model in financial equilibrium
theory, the real assets model (RA-Model). Households in the LT-Model trade goods
together with claims to Lucas trees (exogenous stochastic dividend streams specified in
terms of a particular good) and long-lived, zero-net-supply real bonds, and are
endowed with share portfolios. The RA-Model is quite similar to the LT-Model
except that the only claims traded there are zero-net-supply assets paying out in terms...
14.
Academic Earmarks and the Returns to Lobbying - De Figueiredo, John M.; Silverman, Brian S.
Despite a large literature on lobbying and information transmission by interest groups,
no prior study has measured returns to lobbying. In this paper, we statistically estimate
the returns to lobbying by universities for educational earmarks (which now represent
10 percent of federal funding of university research). The returns to lobbying
approximate zero for universities not represented by a member of the Senate
Appropriations Committee (SAC) or House Appropriations Committee (HAC).
However, the average lobbying university with representation on the SAC receives an
average return to one dollar of lobbying of $11-$17; lobbying universities with
representation on the HAC obtain $20-$36...
15.
Trade Linkages and Output-Multiplier Effects: A Structural VAR - Forbes, Kristin J.; Abeysinghe, Tilak
This paper develops a structural VAR model to measure how a shock to one country
can affect the GDP of other countries. It uses trade linkages to estimate the multiplier
effects of a shock as it is transmitted through other countries' output fluctuations. The
paper introduces a new specification strategy that significantly reduces the number of
unknowns and allows cross-country relationships to vary over time. Then it uses this
model to examine the impact of shocks to 11 Asian countries, the U.S. and the rest of
the OECD. The model produces reasonably good short-term forecasts.
Impulse-response matrices suggest that these...
16.
Automated Design Data and Rationale Capture - Gupta, Amar; Yeung, Jason; Sainath, Tara; Seshasai, Satwik
This paper presents a knowledge-based approach for capturing data and rationale, so
that the experience and insights gained while pursuing a major project or endeavor can
be utilized when pursuing future endeavors of a similar nature. The proposed
approach, embodied in a concept demonstration prototype named SSPARCy,
focuses on the means for capturing knowledge about the design process, including the
evolving state of the design as well as the rationale behind major design decisions
made over time. The system uses a four faceted knowledge-based approach of
knowledge acquisition, discovery, management and repository to focus on various
areas of functionality to...
17.
Laboratory for Information Globalization and Harmonization - Madnick, Stuart; Choucri, Nazli; Siegel, Michael; Haghseta, Farnaz; Moulton, Allen; Zhu, Harry
The convergence of three distinct but interconnected trends - unrelenting globalization,
growing worldwide electronic connectivity, and increasing knowledge intensity of
economic activity - is creating powerful new opportunities and challenges for global
politics. This rapidly changing environment has information demands that surpass
existing capabilities for information access, interpretation, and overall use, thus
hindering our abilities to address emergent and complex global challenges, such as
terrorism and other security threats. This reality has serious implications for two
diverse domains of scholarship: international relations (IR) in political science and
information technology (IT). Unless IT advances remain "one step ahead" of emergent
realities...
18.
Seizing the Opportunity: Exploiting Web Aggregation - Madnick, Stuart; Siegel, Michael
This paper examines the development of web aggregators, entities that collect
information from a wide range of sources, with or without prior arrangements, and add
value through post-aggregation services. New Web-page extraction tools, context
sensitive mediators, and agent technologies have greatly reduced the barriers to
constructing aggregators. We predict that aggregators will soon emerge in industries
where they were not formerly present. Through studying over a hundred existing and
emerging aggregators, we present a model for understanding the aggregator's strategic
interaction with existing organizations. We also suggest different ways that businesses
can take advantage of the new opportunities presented. Finally,...
19.
Solving Project Scheduling Problems by Minimum Cut - Moehring, Rolf; Uetz, Marc; Stork, Frederik; Schulz, Andreas S.
In project scheduling, a set of precedence-constrained jobs has to be scheduled so as
to minimize a given objective. In resource-constrained project scheduling, the jobs
additionally compete for scarce resources. Due to its universality, the latter problem
has a variety of applications in manufacturing, production planning, project
management, and elsewhere. It is one of the most intractable problems in operations
research, and has therefore become a popular playground for the latest optimization
techniques, including virtually all local search paradigms. We show that a somewhat
more classical mathematical programming approach leads to both competitive feasible
solutions and strong lower bounds, within...
20.
Shifting Innovation to Users Via Toolkits - Von Hippel, Eric A.; Katz, Ralph
In the traditional new product development process, manufacturers first explore user
needs and then develop responsive products. Developing an accurate understanding of
user needs is not simple or fast or cheap however, and the traditional approach is
coming under increasing strain as user needs change more rapidly, and as firms
increasingly seek to serve "markets of one."
Toolkits for user innovation is an emerging alternative approach in which manufacturers
actually abandon the attempt to understand user needs in detail in favor of transferring
need-related aspects of product and service development to users. Experience in fields
where the toolkit approach...
1.
