DSpace at MIT
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Mostrando recursos 1 - 20 de 136
1.
Global sourcing in the automotive supply chain:The case of Fiat Auto - Volpato, Giuseppe; Camuffo, Arnaldo
Objective of this paper is to present how Fiat Auto has
developed a peculiar and innovative global sourcing model in
conjunction with the rolling out of its "world car" project
"178". Differently from other OEMs, that have designed
vehicles with common "global" underbody platforms adapting body,
trim levels and ride characteristics to local conditions, Fiat
Auto "world car" concept and globalization strategy is more
ambitious and complex, since the standardization of the 5 models
stemming from the 178 platform involves absolute cross-country
identity not only of interior/exterior design and contents but
also of quality levels, robustness and compliance with European
rules in terms of safety and pollution.
The international supply
chain supporting this...
2.
Description Of Procedures In Automotive Engine Plants - Artzner, Denis; Whitney, Dr. Daniel
1. Human resources
- For automakers, the total cost of paying average workers is around $40000 per year (mean
value); the numbers range from $30000 to $60000 (except for a Central European facility where it
is much lower). On average, direct pay is three times the amount of benefits. In general, worker
qualification does not affect the benefits policy within an automobile engine plant.
- Overall, the average age of workers in engine plants is slightly above 40 years old. There is no
difference by geographic region. In older engine plants, workers do tend to be older. Annual
turnover rates are around 5%. Mean values for unionization...
3.
Mobility Issues in the Developing World - Gakenheimer, Ralph
Ln the large aties of the developing world, travel times are generaliy
high and increasing, destinations accessible within limited time are
decreasing. The average oneway commute in Rio de Janeiro is 90 minutes. In
Bogota it is 60 minutes. The average vehicle speed in Manila is 7 miles per
hour. The average car in Bangkok is stationary in trtilc for the equivalent of
44 &ys a year.
This is happening because vehicle registrations are growing fast on the
basis of increased populations, increased wealth, increased cornmeraal
penetration, and probably an increasingly persuasive picture in the
developing world of international lifestyle in which a car is an essential
elemenL Accordingly, in...
4.
Saturn, The GM/UAW Partnership - Rubinstein, Saul; Kochan, Thomas
The Impact of Co-Management and Joint Governance on Firm and Local Union Performance
5.
Toward a Stakeholder Theory of the Firm: The Case of the Saturn Partnership - Kochan, Thomas; Rubinstein, Saul
This paper seeks to engage the organization theory community in contemporary
debates over the role of the cxxporation in American society by building a stakeholder
theory of the t%n. We develop a set of normative premises and positivist propositions
derived from these debates, from a combination of organization and industrial relations
theories, and by using data from the Saturn Corporation. Three questions are posed for
a stakeholder theory: (1) Under what conditions is a stakeholder firm likely to emerge,
(2) what are the critical determinants of performance in a stakeholder firm, and (3)
what will determine the sustainability and diffusion of this organizational form in the
American environment?...
6.
Creating Lean Suppliers: Diffusing Lean Production Through the Supply Chain - Helper, Susan; MacDuffie, John Paul
Hon& of America has developed a comprehensive approach to teaching the principles of lean
production to its suppliers. The centerpiece of these efforts is a program called BP (for ?Best process?,
?Best Performance ?, ?Bs Practice?), in which a crossfunctional team of persomel born Honda and the
supplier work intensively for week or even months on narrowly-targeted improvement projects in the
supplier?s plant. BP has been quite successfid in enhancing supplier performance; suppliers participating
in the program in 1994 avmge~ productiviw gains of 50?/0 on lines reengineered by BP. However,
Honda found there was high variation in the extent to which suppliers were able to transfer...
7.
Environmental Practice Survey Results - Oye, Kenneth; Maxwell, James; Koike, Ami; Briscoe, Forrest; Rothenberg, Sandra
The following report outlines some of the initial findings from the preliminary
data. Please note that this report is based on data collected so far. Additional surveys and
continued analysis will lead to more thorough analysis in the future.
Our analysis of the survey is organized in the following mannec General
Environment Management, Air Emissions, Paintshop Management, Utility Management,
Solid Waste, and Water Pollution. At the end of the document you will find a summary
of the major variables, as they average across North American and Japanese plants, along
with the performance of your own company. The data on individual company and plant
performance is being held strictly...
8.
Cost Performance of Automobile Engine Plants - Artzner, Denis; Whitney, Daniel; Peschard, Guillermo
This paper analyzes the basic performance of 27 automobile engine lines
operated by 18 companies on three continents, based on questionnaire data
gathered in the Spring and Fall of 1995. Engine plants differ from assembly
plants in being very capital-intensive. Thus a traditional ?hours/engine?
metric of performance is inappropriate. Here a composite cost comprising
labor and amortization of capital, accounting for downtime, is used to
compare plant performance. We find that performance varies widely, even
for similar engines. Cost drivers comprise number of workers, capital
invested, and efficiency (fraction of scheduled time actually used for
production). The drivers are in turn driven by external factors out of the
plant?s control...
9.
The Globalization of Automobile Production - Florida, Richard; Sturgeon, Timothy
This paper is based on research from an in-progress project on the effect of
globalization on competition and jobs in the automotive industry.3 Its purpose is to gain a
clearer picture of the emerging economic geography of automobile production. The project
has found that automakers and their Tier 1suppliers are aggressively internationalizing their
operations in search of new markets and lower production CONS. At the same time, the
largest automakers are attempting to centralize the product development and corporate
control functions of their organizations in their home locations, where they are wor~ng
more closely than ever with Tier 1 suppliers. we believe that both the centrifugal and
centripetal...
10.
Rolling Out a "World Car": Globalization, Outsourcing and Modularity - Camuffo, Arnaldo
This article presents a case study of the ?roll-out? of a "world car" (the Fiat Palio).
Based on original fieldwork carried on by the author in 6 countries (Italy, Brazil,
Poland, Turkey, Argentina, India), it describes one of the most diverse international
strategies in the recent history of the auto industry and represents an interesting terrain
for analyzing how, in relationship with globalization, outsourcing and modularity play
an increasing role in auto design and manufacturing.
The article addresses the following research questions: 1) Does the "world car"
approach represent a sustainable and robust strategy? 2) Is there a relationship between
globalization, modularization and outsourcing in the auto industry?...
11.
Employee Involvement and Pay at U.S. and Canadian Auto Suppliers - Levine, David; Bendoly, Elliot; Helper, Susan
We use survey data and field research to investigate the effects of employee involvement
practices on outcomes for blue-collar workers in the auto supply industry. We find these practices
raise wages by 3-5%. The causal mechanism linking involvement and wages appears to be most
consistent with efficiency wage theories, and least consistent with compensating differences. We
find no evidence that employee involvement affects plants? survival or employment growth.
12.
Global sourcing in the automotive supply chain: The case of Fiat Auto "project 178" world car - Volpato, Giuseppe; Camuffo, Arnaldo
Objective of this paper is to present how Fiat Auto has developed a peculiar and
innovative global sourcing model in conjunction with the rolling out of its "world car"
project ?178?. Differently from other OEMs, that have designed vehicles with common
"global" underbody platforms adapting body, trim levels and ride characteristics to local
conditions, Fiat Auto "world car" concept and globalization strategy is more ambitious
and complex, since the standardization of the 5 models stemming from the 178 platform
involves absolute cross-country identity not only of interior/exterior design and contents
but also of quality levels, robustness and compliance with European rules in terms of
safety and pollution.
The international...
14.
Automobiles:Strategy-based Lean Production System - Fujimoto, Takahiro; Takeishi, Akira
The present situations and future prospects of the Japanese automobile industry are
discussed. Selected topics in this paper include the following: analyses of the basic
product-industry characteristics of the automobile (e.g., product architecture); the
mature of the dynamic competition in the world auto industry; competitive performance
(e.g., productivity) of the Japanese auto makers; organizational capabilities of better
Japanese firms in production, development and procurement; overall environments in
the 1990s; the concept of ?balanced lean? system and its adaptation to environmental
changes; new flexible production systems that cope with volume fluctuation;
architectural strategies of the auto firms; modularization of parts; M&A and alliance;
future of the automobile technologies and architectures;...
15.
Developing product platforms:analysis of the development process - Roveda, Marco; Muffatto, Moreno
Several authors have highlighted the importance of companies enhancing their new product development process through a multiproduct
strategy. This means planning the development of a product family upon a platform, which allows shorter lead times in
developing new derivative models. The platform itself has proven to be more flexible when given a modular architecture, so this
shifts attention onto evaluating product platform architecture. This paper analyses three industrial cases in order to draw conclusions
on the implementation of platforms and modularisation, and in particular on how they deal with this issue. First of all, an interpretation
framework is proposed which defines the element taking into...
16.
Auto Industry - Sako, Mari
Peter Drucker christened the automobile industry ?the industry of industries? in 1946,
and there are good enduring reasons for this label. In short, it has been at the forefront of
thinking about how things are made and how we work.
Automobile manufacturing is the world?s largest manufacturing activity, with just
over 50 million new vehicles produced each year. One in every seven people is employed
through the industry, either directly or indirectly. The indirect part is due to the need for a
retail distribution network and the generation of demand for intermediate inputs (in the form
of components and raw materials like steel and rubber). Governments have...
17.
Knowledge Partitioning in the Inter-firm Division of Labor: the case of Automotive Product Development - Takeishi, Akira
Drawing on an empirical study on automakers? management of supplier
involvement in product development in Japan, this paper shows that when the design of
a component is outsourced to a supplier, how much and what automakers know about
the component matters for them to gain a better outcome. While the actual tasks of
designing and manufacturing components could be outsourced, automakers should
retain the relevant knowledge to obtain better component design quality. The paper
argues that knowledge partitioning should be distinguished from task partitioning, and
provides some implications for the knowledge-based theory of the firm.
The results indicate that effective pattern of knowledge partitioning differs by
the nature of...
18.
Modularization in the Auto Industry: Interlinked Multiple Hierarchies of Product, Production, and Supplier Systems - Takeishi, Akira
This paper analyzes the modularization in the world auto industry. The modularization
in the industry has involved architectural changes in product, production, and supplier
systems with each region (Japan, Europe and the U.S.A.) emphasizing different
purposes and aspects. As an attempt to understand such multi-faceted, complex
processes coherently, this paper proposes a conceptual framework that sees
development / production activities as interlinked, multiple hierarchies of products,
processes, and inter-firm boundaries. With this framework, drawing on case studies and
questionnaire survey data, the paper examines the on-going processes of modularization
in the industry. It is argued that tensions exist among the three hierarchies, and such
tensions may lead to further...
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