Oxford Eprints
(1.101 recursos)
Oxford E-prints is a cross-disciplinary digital archive for research articles written by Oxford University authors. The repository has been developed as part of the SHERPA (Securing a Hybrid Environment for Research Preservation and Access) project and is running on eprints.org open archives software.
Mostrando recursos 1 - 14 de 14
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Old Debate, New Evidence - Yaish, Meir
This paper engages in the ongoing debate concerning the consequences of the industrialization process for social mobility. At the heart of this debate is the 'liberal thesis' which states that the industrialization process brings about not only more opportunity for social mobility, but also more equality of opportunity. This paper examines changes over time in social mobility in Israel. It also looks at Israel's mobility regime in a comparative perspective, and at the relationship between immigration and social mobility. Israeli society makes a good case study for the following reasons: Israeli society is a new society; Israeli society has experienced...
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Causation, Statistics, and Sociology - Goldthorpe, John H.
Three different understandings of causation, each importantly shaped by the work of statisticians, are examined from the point of view of their value to sociologists: causation as robust dependence, causation as consequential manipulation, and causation as generative process. The last is favoured as the basis for causal analysis in sociology. It allows the respective roles of statistics and theory to be clarified and is appropriate to sociology as a largely non-experimental social science in which the concept of action is central.
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Some Statistical Aspects of Causality - Cox, D.R.; Wermuth, Nanny
A general review of approaches to causality is given from a statistical perspective. Three broad notions are distinguished. In the final part of the paper the challenges of reaching potentially causal representations are outlined for a study of some German political and social attitudes.
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Class, Mobility and Merit The Experience of Two British Birth Cohorts - Breen, Richard; Goldthorpe, John H.
The controversial issue of 'meritocracy' can be most productively addressed if it is treated as one of direction of change over time: i.e. whether individual merit, understood in terms of ability, effort, or educational attainment, is growing in importance in processes of social selection. To test the thesis of 'increasing merit selection', we analyse data from two British cohort studies relating to children born in 1958 and 1970 respectively. We find that, from the later to the earlier cohort, the pattern of relative rates of class mobility changed little; and that individual merit, as we are able to measure it,...
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Intergenerational Resemblance in Field of Study in the Netherlands - van de Werfhorst, Herman G.; de Graaf, Nan Dirk; Kraaykamp, Gerbert
Level of education has always been the focus of attention in studies on the intergenerational transmission of education. Consequently, we do not know whether field of study is a relevant new boundary. We expect field of study to be important, because it indicates the type of resources that students acquire. We tested hypotheses about parental effects on the field on study of respondents to the Dutch Family Surveys of 1992 and 1998 (N=2949). In the Dutch educational system the choice of a specific educational programme is made at various educational levels. The association between the educational fields of father and...
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Class Matters: The Persisting Effects of Contextual Social Class on Individual Voting in Britain, 1964-97 - Andersen, Robert; Heath, Anthony
This paper extends previous work on the changing importance of individual and contextual social class in Britain. We adopt a multi-level framework for analysis, linking surveys fromthe 1964-1997 British Election Studies with Census data on the social-class composition of constituencies. The goal of the paper is to test whether, net of individual social-class effects, the social-class composition of the constituency in which the voter lives has declined in importance over time. We found that contextual class effects were consistently significant and fairly constant throughout the period under study. We also find a gradual increase in the amount of constituency variation...
10.
The Quality of Working Life: Is Scandinavia Different? - Gallie, Duncan
There have been marked differences between countries in the importance that governments and the social partners of industry have attached to issues related to the quality of working life. In particular, these themes have been much more salient in the public discourse of the Scandinavian societies than in other European societies. But did such policy commitments translate into effective differences in the experience of working life? Hitherto there has been insufficient comparative evidence for any serious attempt to assess this. However, a survey providing data that is comparable for all of the European Union countries offers the opportunity for a...
14.
Would Perfect Mobility be Perfect? - Swift, Adam
This paper explores the key normative issues raised by empirical research into social mobility and meritocracy. Typically, sociologists working in this area are motivated by a concern with matters of social justice and equality of opportunity, but that concern tends to be rather vague and diffuse, which makes it difficult to assess the normative relevance of their findings. Surveying, in an accessible manner, five issues familiar to political philosophers that clarify the significance of sociologists' results, this paper explains why a regime of 'perfect mobility' is not an appropriate benchmark for evaluating the extent to which a society offers its...
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