Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers
(65.351 recursos)
HUSCAP (Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers) contains peer-reviewed journal articles, proceedings, educational resources and any kind of scholarly works of Hokkaido University.
Mostrando recursos 1 - 20 de 101
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Evidence for different origin of sex chromosomes in snakes, birds, and mammals and step-wise differentiation of snake sex chromosomes. - Matsubara, Kazumi; Tarui, Hiroshi; Toriba, Michihisa; Yamada, Kazuhiko; Nishida-Umehara, Chizuko; Agata, Kiyokazu; Matsuda, Yoichi
All snake species exhibit genetic sex determination with the ZZ/ZW type of sex chromosomes. To investigate the origin and evolution of snake sex chromosomes, we constructed, by FISH, a cytogenetic map of the Japanese four-striped rat snake (Elaphe quadrivirgata) with 109 cDNA clones. Eleven of the 109 clones were localized to the Z chromosome. All human and chicken homologues of the snake Z-linked genes were located on autosomes, suggesting that the sex chromosomes of snakes, mammals, and birds were all derived from different autosomal pairs of the common ancestor. We mapped the 11 Z-linked genes of E. quadrivirgata to chromosomes...
2.
Ancient DNA analysis of brown bear skulls from a ritual rock shelter site of the Ainu culture at Bihue, central Hokkaido, Japan - MASUDA, RYUICHI; TAMURA, TOSHIYUKI; TAKAHASHI, OSAMU
Ancient DNA, sampled from ten brown bear (Ursus arctos) skulls excavated from a rock shelter site of the Ainu culture at Bihue, central Hokkaido, Japan, was analyzed. This ritual site (iwaya or siratcise), located in a mountainous area near the western coast of Lake Shikotsu, is considered to have been used for bear-sending ceremonies by the Ainu people at least until about 70 years ago. We identified four mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes at Bihue, all of which were shared by the modern brown bears of Hokkaido. A previous study showed that three mtDNA lineages (groups A, B, and C) of...
3.
Comparison of the Z and W sex chromosomal architectures in elegant crested tinamou (Eudromia elegans) and ostrich (Struthio camelus) and the process of sex chromosome differentiation in palaeognathous birds. - Tsuda, Yayoi; Nishida-Umehara, Chizuko; Ishijima, Junko; Yamada, Kazuhiko; Matsuda, Yoichi
To clarify the process of avian sex chromosome differentiation in palaeognathous birds, we performed molecular and cytogenetic characterization of W chromosome-specific repetitive DNA sequences for elegant crested tinamou (Eudromia elegans, Tinamiformes) and constructed comparative cytogenetic maps of the Z and W chromosomes with nine chicken Z-linked gene homologues for E. elegans and ostrich (Struthio camelus, Struthioniformes). A novel family of W-specific repetitive sequences isolated from E. elegans was found to be composed of guanine- and cytosine-rich 293-bp elements that were tandemly arrayed in the genome as satellite DNA. No nucleotide sequence homologies were found for the Struthioniformes and neognathous birds....
4.
Extensive Accumulation of Influenza Virus NS1 Protein in the Nuclei Causes Effective Viral Growth in Vero Cells - Ozaki, Hiroichi; Kida, Hiroshi
We previously showed that modified A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) influenza master strain had improved viral rescue and growth properties in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell line by introducing NS gene of Vero-adapted A/England/1/53 (vaEng53). In the present study, it was found that the NS1 protein derived from vaEng53 was extensively accumulated in the nuclei than that of PR8. This accumulation was caused by 7 amino acid differences in C-terminal region of NS1 protein. These results suggest that specific accumulation of NS1 protein may contribute to efficient viral replication in Vero cells.
5.
Metabolic alterations proposed by proteome in rice roots grown under low P and high Al concentration under low pH - Fukuda, Takuya; Saito, Akira; Wasaki, Jun; Shinano, Takuro; Osaki, Mitsuru
Growth inhibition caused by acid soils, especially due to P deficiency and Al stress, is a serious problem for crop production. To comprehend the adaptation mechanisms of rice plants to P deficiency and Al stress conditions, a proteomic analysis of rice roots in hydroponic cultivation was demonstrated. Four hundred and sixty-four detectable proteins spots were separated by 2D-PAGE. Fifty-six of 94 spots selected at random were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. In general, the proteomic alterations under P deficiency and Al stress conditions were similar trend, indicating that a common metabolic system is responsive to both P deficiency and Al...
6.
Anti-parallel membrane topology of two components of EbrAB, a multidrug transporter. - Kikukawa, Takashi; Miyauchi, Seiji; Araiso, Tsunehisa; Kamo, Naoki; Nara, Toshifumi
EbrAB is a multidrug-resistance transporter in Bacillus subtilis that belongs to the small multidrug resistance, and requires two polypeptides of both EbrA and EbrB, implying that it functions in the hetero-dimeric state. In this study, we investigated the transmembrane topologies of EbrA and EbrB. Various single-cysteine mutants were expressed in Escherichia coli cells, and the efflux activity was measured. Only mutants having a high activity were used for the topology experiments. The reactivity of a membrane impermeable NEM-fluorescein against the single cysteine of these fully functional mutants was examined when this reactive fluorophore was applied either from the outside or...
7.
Modeling carbon and silicon cycling in the equatorial Pacific - Fujii, Masahiko; Chai, Fei
The equatorial Pacific is a region of significant particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) and biogenic silica sedimentation, the majority of which is carried out by coccolithophorids and diatoms. We developed an ecosystem model that explicitly includes three phytoplankton functional groups (picoplankton, coccolithophorids, and diatoms), two zooplankton functional groups (microzooplankton and mesozooplankton), nutrients (nitrate NO3, ammonium NH4, and silicate Si(OH)4), detritus (particulate organic matter, biogenic silica, and PIC), total alkalinity, total CO2, and partial pressure of CO2 at the surface water (pCO2sea). The model is capable of reproducing many biogeochemical features for the region, such as high-nutrient low-chlorophyll condition, significant exposure of...
8.
A local damage model for anomalous high toughness of double-network gels - Tanaka, Y.
We present a phenomenological model for anomalously high fracture energy of double-network (DN) gels, which consist of a substantially cross-linked polyelectrolyte gel (first network) and of a quite poorly cross-linked neutral polymer (second network) penetrating into the first network (Gong J. P., Katsuyama Y., Kurokawa T. and Osada Y., Adv. Mater., 15 (2003) 1155). The model assumes that the material locally softens around crack tip due to damage of the first network, and then the crack extends within the softened zone. An order estimation indicates that energy dissipation by the softening greatly exceeds the "bare fracture energy" of the softened...
9.
Metabolite profiling and assessment of metabolome compartmentation of soybean leaves using non-aqueous fractionation and GC-MS analysis - Benkeblia, Noureddine; Shinano, Takuro; Osaki, Mitsuru
In the present study, non-aqueous fractionation (NAQF) and GC-MS were used to obtain a spatially resolved view of metabolism in mature leaves of soybean (Glycine max Merr.). NAQF of lyophilized soybean leaves was performed using CCl4-n-heptane and ultracentrifugation that yielded a gradient comprised of six fractions. Chlorophyll content, and marker enzyme activities, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and α-mannosidase, were utilized as stroma, cytosol and vacuole markers, respectively. GC-MS analyses of each fraction resulted in the identification of around 100 different metabolites. The distribution of these identified compounds showed a decreasing order from the vacuole to cytosol to chloroplast stroma. In other...
10.
The molecular basis of chromosome orthologies and sex chromosomal differentiation in palaeognathous birds - Nishida-Umehara, Chizuko; Tsuda, Yayoi; Ishijima, Junko; Ando, Junko; Fujiwara, Atushi; Matsuda, Yoichi; Griffin, Darren K.
Palaeognathous birds (Struthioniformes and Tinamiformes) have morphologically conserved karyotypes and less differentiated ZW sex chromosomes. To delineate interspecific chromosome orthologies in palaeognathous birds we conducted comparative chromosome painting with chicken (Gallus gallus, GGA) chromosome 1–9 and Z chromosome paints (GGA1–9 and GGAZ) for emu, double-wattled cassowary, ostrich, greater rhea, lesser rhea and elegant crested tinamou. All six species showed the same painting patterns: each probe was hybridized to a single pair of chromosomes with the exception that the GGA4 was hybridized to the fourth largest chromosome and a single pair of microchromosomes. The GGAZ was also hybridized to the entire...
11.
Comparative chromosome painting map between two Ryukyu spiny rat species, Tokudaia osimensis and Tokudaia tokunoshimensis (Muridae, Rodentia) - Nakamura, Taro; Kuroiwa, Asato; Nishida-Umehara, Chizuko; Matsubara, Kazumi; Yamada, Fumio; Matsuda, Yoichi
Ryukyu spiny rats (genus Tokudaia) are indigenous species that are confined to three islands of the Nansei Shoto archipelago, Amami-Oshima, Tokunoshima and Okinawa-jima, Japan. Tokudaia tokunoshimensis from Tokunoshima Island and Tokudaia osimensis from Amami-Oshima Island are closely related taxonomically, although their karyotypes are quite different: the diploid chromosome numbers and sex chromosome constitution are 2n = 45, X0/X0 for T. tokunoshimensis and 2n = 25, X0/X0 for T. osimensis. We conducted comparative chromosome painting with chromosome-specific DNA probes of the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) to molecularly examine the chromosome homology between T. tokunoshimensis and T. osimensis, and deduced a possible ancestral karyotype of Tokudaia...
12.
In vivo effects of partial electrothermal shrinkage on mechanical properties of the anterior cruciate ligament in rabbits - Kondo, Eiji; Yasuda, Kazunori; Tohyama, Harukazu
Background: No studies have been conducted to clarify an in vivo remodeling of the radiofrequency-treated lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament. The purpose was to determine in vivo effects of radiofrequency shrinkage on mechanical properties of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Methods: Thirty skeletally mature rabbits were used. In each group, radiofrequency energy set at non-ablative levels was applied to the posterolateral bundle of the anterior cruciate ligament with a bipolar radiofrequency generator. All animals were sacrificed at 0, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery, respectively. In each group, 7 and 3 out of the 10 specimens were used for biomechanical...
13.
New water supply technology and development of water utility management in Japan - Magara, Yasumoto; Matsui, Yoshihiko; Ohno, Koichi
The Japanese government published “The Water and Sanitation Broad Partnership Initiative (WASABI)” in March 2006. This initiative was based on the policies that Japan will support the self-help efforts of developing countries on water and sanitation, establishing broad partnerships with international organizations, and the other donor agencies, etc. Because water resources are very limited, there are many areas and regions which have to use a heavily polluted water source. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the emergent water treatment technology which can supply safe drinking water from polluted source water at a reasonable cost.
In order to anticipate a sustainable development...
14.
cDNA-based gene mapping and GC3 profiling in the soft-shelled turtle suggest a chromosomal size-dependent GC bias shared by sauropsids - Kuraku, Shigehiro; Ishijima, Junko; Nishida-Umehara, Chizuko; Agata, Kiyokazu; Kuratani, Shigeru; Matsuda, Yoichi
Mammalian and avian genomes comprise several classes of chromosomal segments that vary dramatically in GC-content. Especially in chicken, microchromosomes exhibit a higher GC-content and a higher gene density than macrochromosomes. To understand the evolutionary history of the intra-genome GC heterogeneity in amniotes, it is necessary to examine the equivalence of this GC heterogeneity at the nucleotide level between these animals including reptiles, from which birds diverged. We isolated cDNAs for 39 protein-coding genes from the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, and performed chromosome mapping of 31 genes. The GC-content of exonic third positions (GC3) of P. sinensis genes showed a...
15.
A new primer set for sex identification in the genus Sorex (Soricidae, Insectivora) - Matsubara, K.; Ishibashi, Y.; Ohdachi, S.; Matsuda, Y.
In order to develop a new accurate method for sexing in Sorex species (Soricidae, Insectivora), we synthesized a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set to amplify a part of Sry HMG box in the long-clawed shrew, Sorex unguiculatus. When the primers were applied to the samples of known sex, PCR products were successfully obtained for males as a clear, single band on 3% agarose gels after electrophoresis in Sorex unguiculatus and five other Sorex species, but not for females of these six species. Thus, PCR amplification using the primer set may be applicable to discern sex in the six Sorex...
16.
Highly conserved linkage homology between birds and turtles: Bird and turtle chromosomes are precise counterparts of each other - Matsuda, Yoichi; Nishida-Umehara, Chizuko; Tarui, Hiroshi; Kuroiwa, Asato; Yamada, Kazuhiko; Isobe, Taku; Ando, Junko; Fujiwara, Atushi; Hirao, Yukako; Nishimura, Osamu; Ishijima, Junko; Hayashi, Akiko; Saito, Toshiyuki; Murakami, Takahiro; Murakami, Yasunori; Kuratani, Shigeru; Agata, Kiyokazu
The karyotypes of birds, turtles and snakes are characterized by two distinct chromosomal components, macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. This close karyological relationship between birds and reptiles has long been a topic of speculation among cytogeneticists and evolutionary biologists; however, there is scarcely any evidence for orthology at the molecular level. To define the conserved chromosome synteny among humans, chickens and reptiles and the process of genome evolution in the amniotes, we constructed comparative cytogenetic maps of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) and the Japanese four-striped rat snake (Elaphe quadrivirgata) using cDNA clones of reptile functional genes. Homology between the turtle...
17.
Karyotypic Evolution of Apodemus (Muridae, Rodentia) Inferred from Comparative FISH Analyses - Matsubara, Kazumi; Nishida-Umehara, Chizuko; Tsuchiya, Kimiyuki; Nukaya, Daiki; Matsuda, Yoichi
We conducted comparative FISH analyses to investigate the chromosomal rearrangements that have occurred during the evolution of the rodent genus Apodemus, which inhabits broadleaf forests in the temperate zone of the Palaearctic region. Chromosome-specific painting probes of the laboratory mouse were hybridized to chromosomes of seven Apodemus species, A. agrarius, A. argenteus, A. gurkha, A. peninsulae, A. semotus, A. speciosus and A. sylvaticus, and homologous chromosomal regions were determined in the species for the study of karyotypic evolution. Differences in the hybridization patterns were found in nine pairs of autosomes among the seven species. The chromosomal location of the 5S...
18.
Identification of chromosome rearrangements between the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) and the Indian spiny mouse (Mus platythrix) by comparative FISH analysis - Matsubara, Kazumi; Nishida-Umehara, Chizuko; Kuroiwa, Asato; Tsuchiya, Kimiyuki; Matsuda, Yoichi
Comparative chromosome painting was applied to the Indian spiny mouse (Mus platythrix) with mouse (M. musculus) chromosome-specific probes for understanding the process of chromosome rearrangements between the two species. The chromosome locations of the 5S and 18S-28S ribosomal RNA genes and the order of the 119 and Tcp-1 genes in the In(17)2 region of the t-complex were also compared. All the painting probes were successfully hybridized to the Indian spiny mouse chromosomes, and a total of 27 segments homologous to mouse chromosomes were identified. The comparative FISH analysis revealed that tandem fusions were major events in the chromosome evolution of...
19.
Ultrasensitive detection of organophosphate insecticides by carbon nanotube field-effect transistor - Ishii, Atsushi; Takeda, Seiji; Hattori, Satoshi; Sueoka, Kazuhisa; Mukasa, Koichi
Carbon nanotube sensors were capable of detecting organophosphate insecticide binding to recombinant acetylcholinesterase (rAChE) immobilized on the sensor. The carbon nanotube sensors were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition method and it showed field-effect transistor property. rAChE was immobilized by specific binding of NTA-Ni and His tag on the reverse side of the carbon nanotube sensor. The current between the source and drain was measured after incubation of various concentrations of organophosphates with immobilized rAChE. I-ds-V-gate curves were obtained by plotting the current as a function of the potential applied to the back gate. The I-ds-V-gate curves showed a positive shift...
20.
Chromosome homology between mouse and three Muridae species, Millardia meltada, Acomys dimidiatus and Micromys minutus, and conserved chromosome segments in murid karyotypes - Nakamura, Taro; Matsubara, Kazumi; Yasuda, Shumpei P.; Tsuchiya, Kimiyuki; Matsuda, Yoichi
Comparative chromosome painting with mouse (Mus musculus, MMU) chromosome-specific DNA probes was performed for three Muridae species, the Indian soft-furred field rat (Millardia meltada), the spiny mouse (Acomys dimidiatus) and the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus). All probes except for the Y probe were successfully hybridized to the chromosomes of all species, and homologous chromosome segments between mouse and the three species were identified at the molecular level. Comparison of our data with the published data of six other genera (Mus, Rattus, Apodemus, Otomys, Rhabdomys and Cricetulus) of the Muridae suggested that the associations MMU1b/17a, 2b/13a, 5b/11a, 7/19, 10b/17b, 10c/17c, 11b/16a,...
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