DSpace at MIT
(35.362 recursos)
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3.
The Control of Reproductive Hazards in the Workplace: A Prescription for Prevention - Ashford, Nicholas; Caldart, Charles C.
As workers become more aware that occupational exposure to toxic substances can impair their ability to bring healthy children into the world. they will begin to focus on legal mechanisms for reducing reproductive hazards in the workplace. The authors explore the use of compensatory remedies and anti-discrimination laws to provide an impetusfor employers to provide safe workplaces. hey investigate using workerprotection laws to reach psychological injuries and harm to offspring. They also survey existing preventive tools such as injunctive relief and the right to refuse hazardous work
12.
Government Strategies and Policies for Cleaner Production - Ashford, Nicholas
Further development of ideas discussed at a joint workshop sponsored by the United Nations Environment Programme Industry and Environment Centre (UNEP/IE) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris, 7-8 June 1993.
15.
The Importance of Taking Technological Innovation Into Account in Estimating the Costs and Benefits of Worker Health and Safety Regulation - Ashford, Nicholas
Abstract
Regulation of worker health and safety is acknowledged to result in health benefits to workers and
economic costs to employers. The latter are sometimes shared by workers and consumers in the form of
lower wages/salary increases and higher prices. However, the history of occupational health and safety
regulation in the United States over the last twenty years reveals that this simplified view of regulation
neglects the important role that technological innovation plays in (1) reducing the actual costs of
compliance with a new regulation to a fraction of pre-promulgation estimates, (2) yielding a benefit in
terms of savings in material, water, and energy costs, and (3)...
19.
Government Regulation - Ashford, Nicholas; Caldart, Charles
Abstract. Interest in the use of so-called voluntary approaches to supplement or replace formal environmental regulation is on the rise, both in Europe and in the United States. These approaches fall into two general categories: (1) industry-initiated codes of good practice focusing on environmental management systems or performance goals, and (2) negotiation between government and individual firms (or industry sector trade associations) focusing on regulation or compliance. This paper addresses the latter. In the United States, the motivations for engaging in such negotiation are manifold and sometimes contradictory. They include desires (1) to facilitate the achievement of legislated environmental goals...
20.
Pathways to Sustainability: Evolution or Revolution? - Ashford, Nicholas
The purposes of this chapter is to delve more deeply into the processes and determinants of technological, organisational, and social innovation and to discuss their implications for selecting instruments and policies to stimulate the kinds of innovation necessary for the transformation of industrial societies into sustainable ones. Sustainable development must be seen as a broad concept, incorporating concerns for the economy, the environment, and employment. All three are driven/affected by both technological innovation [Schumpeter, 1939] and globalised trade [Ekins et al., 1994; Diwan et al., 1997]. They are also in a fragile balance, are inter-related, and need to be addressed...
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