SciELO Brasil - Scientific Electronic Library Online
(53.052 recursos)
SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) is an electronic library covering a selected collection of Brazilian scientific journals. The objective of the site is to implement an electronic virtual library, providing full access to a collection of serial titles, a collection of issues from individual serial titles, as well as to the full text of articles. The project envisages the development of a common methodology for the preparation, storage, dissemination and evaluation of scientific literature in electronic format.
2.
Brasil e Mundo na Virada do Século - Jaguaribe,Helio
This brief endeavor to appraise the contemporary world's and Brazil's most likely macrotrends at the run of the century starts with some considerations on the problems of predictability and the possibilities for arriving at a forecast endowed with a reasonable capacity to shed light on the most likely future scenarios. The next section analyses how the world's political picture will probably look at the turn of the century, with special note made of China's emergence as superpower. The article concludes with an analysis of Brazilian alternatives at the dawn of the new century, depending upon whether Fernando Henrique Cardoso is...
3.
Brasil na Virada do Século: Um País Liberal - Werlang,Sérgio Ribeiro da Costa
Liberalism is defined here as the principle that decentralization of economic decision-making is the organizational form which allows a society to achieve greatest economic efficiency. Based on this definition, the article discusses the role of the state within a liberal society. It goes on to show how and why the principle of decentralization should be modified in certain situations, allowing for centralizing intervention in individual decisions. Lastly, it lists some liberal policies that still need to be enacted in Brazil
4.
Caminhos e Descaminhos da Revolução Passiva à Brasileira - Vianna,Luiz Werneck
This essay addresses the process of Brazil's passive revolution, an ongoing "revolution without revolution" that has dominated the movement of Brazilian society from the founding days of the nation-state through contemporary times, where the predominant topic has become the universalization of citizenship. Against a backdrop of emerging democracy, institutionalized through Brazil's 1988 Constitution, the essay asks about the chances of seeing a reversal in the direction of the binomial characteristic of passive revolutions - conservation change - towards a movement that places more emphasis on change rather than on conservation. Such a reversal would call for an actor identified with...
6.
A Política Pública como Caixa de Pandora: Organização de Interesses, Processo Decisório e Efeitos Perversos na Reforma Sanitária Brasileira - 1985-1989 - Pereira,Carlos
The article's main purpose is to study the pattern of interest intermediation in public health policy and, more specifically, to examine the relations forged between interest groups and institutional actors within differing decision-making arenas during the evolution of the so-called Brazilian Sanitation Reform which took place in 1985-89. In empirical terms, the analysis centers on the reform's decisive landmarks, to wit: Brazil's 8th National Health-care Conference, the Unified and Decentralized Health-care System (SUDS), and the Single Health-care System (SUS). In methodological terms, the focus is on the strategic choices made by actors within the decision-making process. Drawing an analogy between...
7.
Inovação Política, Distributivismo e Crise: A Política de Saúde nos Anos 80 e 90 - Costa,Nilson do Rosário
The article assesses the organizational arrangements and innovations in Brazilian health-care policy that occurred during the 1980s and 1990s. The sector underwent important institutional shifts that threatened its entitlement status as a public policy. Health-care policy also created means of access to decision-making mechanisms and to sources of funds associated with distributive type governmental policies. This policy pattern favored decentralized, multi-centered decision-making arenas and satisfactory means of access to public funds at minimum costs for interest demands. This perception of health-care policy as entailing low fiscal and institutional costs account for the fact that sector actors (e.g., representatives of municipal...
8.
Negociações Coletivas, Distribuição e Emprego - Camargo,José Márcio
The article offers suggestions on how Brazil?s collective bargaining regulations could be reformulated to arrive at more efficient collective contracts and to induce gains in labor productivity while simultaneously moving towards an improved income distribution pattern. The underlying premise is that any system for regulating economic activities consists of a set of rules that use punishment and incentives to induce economic agents to adopt certain behaviors. Since agent behavior governs market behavior to at least some extent, market performance will depend on the structure of existing regulations. Consequently, any evaluation of the adequacy of a given regulatory system depends upon...
9.
A Absorção de Mão-de-Obra no Setor de Serviços - Paes de Barros,Ricardo; Mendonça,Rosane
The article investigates the role the service sector played in job creation in Brazil during the 1977-90. Special attention is focused on what are known as personal services (community services, repairs, food and lodging, cleaning, and household services), which are considered the least attractive in terms of job quality. Firstly, results show that the proportion of the work force employed within the service sector was similar to that employed by the manufacturing and civil construction sectors together. Secondly, the number of jobs in personal services grew in both absolute and relative terms, surpassing rates for the other two sectors, while...
10.
Emprego Feminino: O que Há de Novo e o que se Repete - Lavinas,Lena
Based on Brazilian census data for 1985-95 (PNAD), the article offers evidence concerning recent changes in female employment. In doing so, it calls into question the current notion that when women become more economically active, male joblessness rates rise over the long run. If it is true that jobs are scarce at this moment of productive restructuring and that the market now favors women over men, it is also true that this has transpired without substantially shifting job standards that display sharp gender segregation. Nevertheless, there are promising signs that labor market inequalities between men and women are decreasing in...
11.
Populismo Temperado: Uma Interpretação Política do Plano de Convertibilidade Argentino de 1991 - Palermo,Vicente
Approaching from the perspective of a political science analysis, the article focuses on the interactions between an economic stabilization plan 3/4 Argentina's 1991 Convertibility Plan 3/4 and the pro-market program of reforms that was implemented from the beginning of the Carlos Menem Administration. It highlights the political and institutional factors that made it possible to architect and expansive stabilizing policy, the relevance of the political effects of implementing this program, and the crucial interrelationship between the government's coalitional policy, the reform program, and macroeconomic policy.
12.
Formação de Atores, Coordenação Social e Estratégia Política: Problemas Conceituais do Estudo dos Movimentos Sociais - Munck,Gerardo L.
A survey of the literature on social movements shows that the contributions by American and European scholars have shed considerable light on two problems: why social movements emerge with particular identities and how movement organizers give coherence to a movement and coordinate the actions of their followers. The challenge faced by movement organizers in seeking to bring about change, a challenge that forces a social movement to engage strategically, as a social actor, with its political-institutional environment, has received, however, relative little attention. Seeking to fill this gap in the literature, this article argues that the distinct analytically issues raised...
13.
Uma Polêmica Esquecida: Costa Pinto, Guerreiro Ramos e o Tema das Relações Raciais - Chor Maio,Marcos
The article focuses on Luiz de Aguiar Costa Pinto?s and Alberto Guerreiro Ramos? sociological production on the issue of race relations. Noteworthy contributors to the social sciences during the 1945-64 period, these two sociologists were selected not only for the importance of their work but also because of their polemic regarding ethnic intercourse. Costa Pinto?s and Guerreiro Ramos? analyses of the issue reveal two distinct patterns of sociological work. Yet it must be underscored that when these two intellectuals approached race relations, each in his own way, they were devoting themselves primarily to the era?s driving issues ¾ social...
14.
Um Referente Fora de Foco: Sobre a Representatividade do Sindicalismo no Brasil - Cardoso,Adalberto Moreira
In the academic debate, Brazilian unionism has been characterized both as representative and as non-representative ? with defenders of both positions grounding their arguments in the same basic facts. Taking issue with these interpretations, the article questions whether or not union membership is a suitable measure of representation. If, given Brazil?s corporative union structure, unions do not need to recruit members, to what extent can membership serve as an adequate measurement of union representation? Precisely what do union membership rates measure, and precisely what does it mean to "represent workers" in Brazil? The article first offers a conceptual discussion of...
15.
Tocqueville, a Providência e a História - Jasmin,Marcelo Gantus
The article contends that for Tocqueville the notion of Providence was an important tool in dealing with problems he encountered both in explaining the emergence of democratic equality as a universal phenomenon and in defining possible lines of action for those who, like him, advocated a liberal solution to the challenges brought by modernity. Specifically, it is argued that the notion of Providence played three roles in the construction of Tocqueville?s arguments: a rhetorical role (convincing his peers that a return to the Old Regime was unfeasible); a cognitive role (lending meaning to the long-term process without reinforcing materialist views...
16.
Mandonismo, Coronelismo, Clientelismo: Uma Discussão Conceitual - Carvalho,José Murilo de
The literature on Brazilian politics makes broad and frequent use of the concepts of mandonismo, coronelismo, clientelismo, patrimonialism, and feudalism. However, the explanatory power of these concepts has been jeopardized by the imprecise (and at times contradictory) way in which they are often employed. The article points out how these terms are misused and suggests definitions that distinguish one concept clearly from another while accounting of their interrelationships. Each term is also linked to a specific historical moment.
17.
Religião e (Des)Ordem Social: Contestado, Juazeiro e Canudos nos Estudos Sociológicos sobre Movimentos Religiosos - Giumbelli,Emerson
The article analyzes sociological work produced during the 1960s and 1970s on Messianic and rural religious movements, specifically encompassing the episodes of Contestado, Juazeiro, and Canudos. It begins with these authors? characterizations of the social formations within which the movements emerged and with a discussion of coronelismo. It next examines how the notion of Popular Catholicism fits into these studies and what importance is attached to it. Lastly, it explores these authors? evaluations of the degree and nature of social rupture which is occasioned by these religious movements, and goes on to identify links between such evaluations and two kinds...
18.
Resultados Experimentais, Problemas Conceituais e Progresso Científico - Freitas,Renan Springer de
If we affirm that scientific knowledge advances, we are implying there is some degree of continuity between given experimental results and given solutions to conceptual problems. This raises two questions: how does such continuity come about, and under what circumstances does scientific progress depend upon experimental results and/or the solution of conceptual problems? In an effort to respond to these questions, the article examines how certain piecemeal conceptual schemes find their way into certain theoretical frameworks, prompting changes in these. Recent advances in the area of artificial intelligence applied to medicine serve as an empirical basis for the discussion.
19.
Teoria das Relações Internacionais no Pós-Guerra Fria - Herz,Mônica
Analyzing the history of academic production on international relations since the end of the Cold War, the article identifies and synthesizes three main trends in the literature: a debate concerning the role of international institutions; a revival of the cultural dimension; and renewed legitimization of normative studies. It is concluded that the theoretical debate on international relations has been reinvigorated and now encompasses a broader range of disciplines. On the other hand, the realist tradition still maintains its hegemony, despite critiques of positivist epistemology and of the greater emphasis on cooperative processes. Lastly, the article argues that issues related to...
1.
