AKT EPrints Archive
(476 recursos)
Publications from the Advanced Knowledge Technologies project (AKT).
Mostrando recursos 1 - 20 de 22
1.
The Semantic Logger: Supporting Service Building from
Personal Context - Tuffield Southampton, Mr Mischa M; Loizou Southampton, Mr Antonis; Dupplaw Southampton, Dr David P; Dasmahapatra Southampton, Dr Srinandan; Lewis Southampton, Professor Paul H; Millard Southampton, Dr David E; Shadbolt Southampton, Professor Nigel R
The Semantic Logger (SL) is presented as a system for the importing, housing, and exploiting of personal information. The system has been implemented using a number of Semantic Web enabling technologies, and attempts to store the information in a manner adhering to as many W3C recommendations as possible. The Semantic Logger's utility is grounded in two
context-based applications, namely a recommender system, and a photo-annotation tool.
2.
Photocopain - Annotating Memories For Life - Tuffield, Mr Mischa M; Chakravarthy, Mr Ajay; Duplaw, Mr David P; Brewster, Mr Christopher; Hara, Mr Kieron O; Ciravegna, Prof Fabio; Shadbolt, Prof Nigel R; Wilks, Prof Yorick
Photo annotation is a resource-intensive task, yet is increasingly
essential as image archives and personal photo collections
grow in size. There is an inherent conflict in the process
of describing and archiving personal experiences, because
casual users are generally unwilling to spend large amounts
of effort on creating the annotations which are required to
manage their collections.
This poster outlines Photocopain, a semi-automatic image
annotation system which combines information about
the context in which a photograph was captured with information
extracted from the content of the image. These
automatically generated annotations are then presented to
the user for extension or alteration as need be. This work
is presented as an initial investigation into...
3.
Cross-media document annotation and enrichment - Chakravarthy, Mr Ajay; Ciravegna, Prof Fabio; Lanfranchi, Ms Vitakeska
Annotation of documents is a complex and labour intensive task.
So far, research has focused on supporting the annotation of
documents in single media, e.g. texts or images. Much less
attention has been paid to the issue of annotating documents
across media, especially useful for web documents that usually
contain both text and images.
In this paper we describe AKTiveMedia, a tool which supports
human-centric annotation of documents across media. It offers a
number of features to support different types of annotations, from
ontology-based ones to free comments. We discuss what we
believe are the main requirements for annotating Web documents,
from support of annotator communities, to the reduction of the
annotation...
4.
AKTiveMedia: Cross-media Document Annotation and Enrichment - Chakravarthy, Mr Ajay; Ciravegna, Prof Fabio; Lanfranchi, Ms Vitakeska
Nowadays a large and growing amount of information is stored in various multimedia
formats, such as images, video, audio. Much research has been undertaken into the
efficient and effective storage, access, usage and retrieval of textual information.
Semantic annotation and enrichment has been proposed as a way to make textual and
graphical information available in documents for effective and efficient use. For
example, several activities focus on text annotation as a way to enrich a textual
document, making it machine-readable and also accessible to people [1, 2, 4, 5]; other
projects focus more on annotation of images e.g. [3]. However, we believe that the
separation of text and...
5.
Requirements for Multimedia Document Enrichmen - Chakravarthy, Mr Ajay; Lanfranchi, Ms Vitaveska; Ciravegna, Prof Fabio
Nowadays a large and growing percentage of information is
stored in various multimedia formats. In order for multimedia
information to be efficiently utilised by users, it is very important
to add suitable metadata. In this paper we will present
AKTiveMedia, a tool for enriching multimedia documents with
semantic information.
6.
Change Management: The Core Task of Ontology Versioning and Evolution - Liang, Mr. Yaozhong; Alani, Dr. Harith; Shadbolt, Prof. Nigel
Change management as a key issue in ontology versioning and evolution is still not fully addressed, which to some extent forms a barrier against the smooth process of ontology evolution. The key issue in the support of evolving ontologies is to distinguish and recognize the changes during the process of ontology evolution. Most of the current popular work on ontology versioning do not keep a record of the changes in the ontology, thus preventing the user from tracking those changes back and forward, or to at least understand the rational behind those changes. We are proposing an approach to get...
7.
Community-based Annotation of Multimedia Documents - Chakravarthy, Mr Ajay; Lanfranchi, Ms Vitaveska; Ciravegna, Prof Fabio
In this paper, we analyse the process of annotating multimedia
documents inside a community as a way to enable knowledge
sharing and reuse.
8.
Image annotation with Photocopain - Tuffield, Mr Mischa M; Harris, Mr Stephen; Duplaw, Mr David P; Chakravarthy, Mr Ajay; Brewster, Mr Christopher; Gibbins, Dr Nicholas; O Hara, Dr Kieron; Ciravegna, Prof Fabio; Sleeman, Prof Derek; Wilks, Prof Yorick; Shadbolt, Prof Nigel R
Photo annotation is a resource-intensive task, yet is increasingly
essential as image archives and personal photo collections grow in
size. There is an inherent conflict in the process of describing and
archiving personal experiences, because casual users are generally
unwilling to expend large amounts of effort on creating the
annotations which are required to organise their collections so that
they can make best use of them. This paper describes the Photocopain
system, a semi-automatic image annotation system which combines
information about the context in which a photograph was captured with
information from other readily available sources in order to generate...
9.
Focused Data Mining for decision support in Emergency
Response Scenarios - Chapman, Mr Sam; Ciravegna, Prof Fabio
This paper introduces the growing emergency response domain where there is a strong need to collate structured information to aid in decision-making. Semantic Web and natural language technologies can aid this process by providing the ability to perform focused mining of unstructured data to create a timely structured data repository. A focused use-case is detailed along with a working system (Armadillo e-Response) demonstrating how this can be employed in a real world application.
10.
Reviews and Ratings on the Semantic Web - Heath, Mr Tom; Motta, Professor Enrico
We present a system for creating online reviews and ratings, based on Semantic Web technologies. This approach overcomes many of the limitations of conventional reviewing and rating systems on the web, such as: a closed world in terms of what can be reviewed, poor integration with reviews or data from other sources, and the inability to aggregate reviews from known and trusted individuals. We detail how the system overcomes these issues, and conclude with an outline of ongoing and future work that exploits its benefits.
11.
A Semantic Web Blackboard System
In this paper, we propose a Blackboard Architecture as a
means for coordinating hybrid reasoning over the Semantic Web. We
describe the components of traditional blackboard systems (Knowledge
Sources, Blackboard, Controller) and then explain how we have enhanced
these by incorporating some of the principles of the SemanticWeb to pro-
duce our Semantic Web Blackboard. Much of the framework is already
in place to facilitate our research: the communication protocol (HTTP);
the data representation medium (RDF); a rich expressive description
language (OWL); and a method of writing rules (SWRL). We further en-
hance this by adding our own constraint based formalism (CIF/SWRL)
into the mix.We provide an example walk-though of...
12.
A Reusable Commitment Management Service Using Semantic Web Technology
Commitment management is a key issue in service-provisioning in the
context of virtual organisations (VOs). A service-providerwhich may be a single
agent acting within an organisation, or the VO acting as a collective whole
manages particular resources, and commits these resources to meet specific goals.
Commitments can be modelled as constraints on resources. Such constraints are
often soft: they can be broken if necessary. The goal of the work described in
this paper is to create an open, reusable commitment management service (CMS)
based on Semantic Web standards. The chief requirement is that the CMS should
be reusable in different domains, able to manage commitments over services described
in...
13.
A Semantic Web Approach To Handling Soft Constraints In Virtual Organisations
In this paper we present a proposal for representing soft
constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) within the Semantic
Web architecture. The proposal is motivated by the
need for a service-providing agent in a virtual organisation
to reason about its commitments as soft constraints. The
three essential requirements addressed are: (1) the need to
have constraints express commitments in terms of Semantic
Web services, (2) the need to associate utility values with
constraints, to reflect the relative importance of satisfying
them, and (3) the need to make statements about which
constraints are satisfied and violated by a given solution.
The proposal builds upon previous work in defining a Semantic
Web Constraint Interchange Format (CIF),...
14.
Semantic Web Reasoning using a Blackboard System - McKenzie, Mr Craig; Preece, Dr Alun; Gray, Prof Peter
In this paper, we discuss the need for a hybrid reasoning ap-
proach to handing Semantic Web (SW) data and explain why we believe
that the Blackboard Architecture is particularly suitable. We describe
how we have utilised it for coordinating a combination of ontological
inference, rules and constraint based reasoning within a SW context.
After describing the metaphor on which the Blackboard Architecture is
based we introduce its key components: the blackboard Panels containing
the solution space facts and problem related goals and sub-goals; the
differing behaviours of the associated Knowledge Sources and how they
interact with the blackboard; and, finally, the Controller and how it
manages and focuses the...
15.
Handling Soft Constraints in the Semantic Web Architecture - Preece, Dr Alun; Chalmers, Dr Stuart; McKenzie, Mr Craig; Pan, Dr Jeff; Gray, Prof Peter
In this paper we present a proposal for representing soft
CSPs within the Semantic Web architecture. The proposal
is motivated by the need for a service-providing agent to
reason about its commitments as soft constraints. The two
essential requirements addressed are: the need to associate
utility values with constraints, to reflect the relative importance
of satisfying them, and the need to make statements
about which constraints are satisfied and violated by
a given solution. The proposal builds upon previous work
in defining a Semantic Web Constraint Interchange Format
(CIF), which itself builds on the proposed Semantic Web
Rule Language (SWRL).The main contribution of this paper
is a new ontology for representing soft...
16.
Implementing a Semantic Web Blackboard System using Jena - McKenzie, Mr Craig; Preece, Dr Alun; Gray, Prof Peter
In this paper, we discuss the need for a hybrid reasoning approach to handing Semantic
Web data and explain why we believe that the Blackboard Architecture is particularly
suitable. We describe how we have utilised it for combining ontological inference, rules
and constraint based reasoning within a Semantic Web context.
After describing the metaphor on which the Blackboard Architecture is based we introduce
the key components of the architecture: the blackboard Panels containing the solution
space facts and problem related goals and sub-goals; the differing behaviours of the associated
Knowledge Sources and how they interact with the blackboard; and, finally, the
Controller and how it manages and focuses...
17.
Selecting Web Services Statistically - Lambert, Mr David J; Robertson, Dr David S
Service oriented computing offers a new approach to programming. To
be useful for large and diverse sets of problems, effective service
selection and composition is crucial. While current frameworks offer
tools and methods for selecting services based on various user-defined
criteria, little attention has been paid to how such services act and
interact. Similarly, the patterns of interaction might be important
at a level other than that of the user-programmer. Semantic agreement
between services, and the patterns of interaction between them, will
be an important factor in the usability and success of service
composition. We argue that this cannot be guaranteed by logic-based
description of individual services. We have developed...
18.
Changing Ontology Breaks the Queries
Updating an ontology that is in use may result in inconsistencies between the ontology and the knowledge base, dependent ontologies and applications/services. Current research concentrates on the creation of ontologies and how to manage ontology changes in terms of mapping ontology versions and keeping consistent with the instances.
Very little work investigated controlling the impact on dependent applications/services; which is the aim of the system presented in this paper. The approach we propose is to make use of ontology change logs to analyse incoming RDQL queries and amend them as necessary. Revised queries can then be used to query the ontology...
19.
Ontologies Change and Queries Break: Towards a Solution - Liang, Mr. Yaozhong; Alani, Dr. Harith; Shadbolt, Prof. Nigel
Keeping track of ontology changes is becoming a critical issue for ontology-based applications. Updating an ontology
that is in use may result in inconsistencies between the ontology and the knowledge base, dependent ontologies and applications/services. Current research concentrates on the creation of ontologies and how to manage ontology changes in
terms of mapping ontology versions and keeping consistent
with the instances. Very little work investigated ontrolling
the impact on dependent applications/services; which is the
aim of the system presented in this paper. The approach we propose is to make use of ontology change logs to analyse
incoming RDQL queries and amend them as necessary. Revised queries...
20.
Enabling Active Ontology Change Management within Semantic Web-based Applications - Liang, Mr. Yaozhong
Enabling traceable ontology changes is becoming a critical issue for ontology-based applications. Updating an ontology that is in use may result in inconsistencies between the ontology and the knowledge base, dependent ontologies and applications/services. Current research concentrates on the creation of ontologies and how to manage ontology changes in terms of mapping ontology versions and keeping consistent with the instances. Very little work investigated on-the-fly keeping track of ontology changes while update (active ontology versioning) and using these information to control the impact on dependent applications/services, which is the aim of our research presented in this thesis. The approach we...
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