1. FRA: A new fuzzy-based routing approach for optical transport networks - Ahvar, E.; Marín Tordera, Eva; Yannuzzi, Marcelo; Masip Bruin, Xavier; Ahvar, S.
Providing networks with QoS guarantees is one of the key issues to support current and future expected clients' demands. In this scenario, QoS routing is definitely critical as being responsible for defining those optimal routes supporting traffic forwarding throughout the whole network. This paper proposes two new QoS-aware RWA algorithms dealing with the routing inaccuracy problem, aiming at reducing blocking probability while limiting signaling overhead and balancing network load. The proposed algorithms extend the work already published by the authors on prediction based routing by adding a novel fuzzy-based technique featuring a powerful tool for modeling uncertainty. The proposed algorithms...

2. ¿Cómo quemar un cuerpo en el verano? - Piccioni, María Laura
Los cuerpos del verano de Martín Felipe Castagnet (Factotum Ediciones, 2012) acarrea esta doble desdicha: el género y la latitud; es ciencia ficción y es sudamericana. En el futuro posible narrado en la novela, la humanidad ha logrado campear la muerte. Las mentes de los muertos son guardadas en internet y luego “quemadas” en nuevos cuerpos. Estos nuevos sujetos quemados y sus mentes poseen la misma relación que el contenido de un disco óptico. La analogía es trasladada hasta cierto punto en donde roza lo conflictivo: ¿somos meros datos que pueden ser quemados en cualquier soporte?

3. Point spread function estimation of solar surface images with a cooperative particle swarm optmization on GPUS - Perroni, Peter Frank
Resumo: Apresentamos um método para a estimativa da função de espalhamento pontual (PSF) de imagens de superfície solar obtidas por telescópios terrestres e corrompidas pela atmosfera. A estimativa e feita obtendo-se a fase da frente de onda usando um conjunto de imagens de curta exposto, a reconstrucão de granulado optico do objeto observado e um modelo PSF parametrizado por polinómios de Zernikes. Estimativas da fase da frente de onda e do PSF sao computados atraves da minimizacao de uma funcao de erro com um metodo de otimizacão cooperativa por nuvens de partículas (CPSO), implementados em OpenCL para tirar vantagem do...

4. Fluorine End-Capped Optical Fibers for Photosensitizer Release and Singlet Oxygen Production - Bartusik, Dorota; Aebisher, David; Ghosh, Goutam; Minnis, Mihaela; Greer, Alexander
The usefulness of a fiber optic technique for generating singlet oxygen and releasing the pheophorbide photosensitizer has been increased by the fluorination of the porous Vycor glass tip. Singlet oxygen emerges through the fiber tip with 669-nm light and oxygen, releasing the sensitizer molecules upon a [2 + 2] addition of singlet oxygen with the ethene spacer and scission of a dioxetane intermediate. Switching from a non-fluorinated to a fluorinated glass tip led to a clear reduction of the adsorbtive affinity of the departing sensitizer with improved release into homogeneous toluene solution and bovine tissue. But no difference was found...

5. ONU optimal gain and position of the distribution element in Rayleigh-limited WDM and TDM PONs with reflective ONU - López Pastor, Eduardo Tommy; Lázaro Villa, José Antonio; Arellano Pinilla, Cristina; Polo Querol, Víctor; Prat Gomà, Josep Joan
The influence of the distribution element position in PONs is reported. Best Crosstalk-to-Signal ratio (C/S) is achieved if it is placed either in the ONU or OLT vicinity with optimum ONU gain depending of the MUX position

6. Ambiente regional y desempeño innovador de las firmas. Una propuesta de análisis multinivel - Zuluaga Jiménez, Julio César; Sánchez Manchola, Iván Darío; Barrios Aguirre, Fernando
El objetivo del artículo es proponer un modelo de análisis multinivel de la innovación. Se exponen los debates acerca de los efectos del ambiente regional sobre el desempeño innovador de las firmas y se sostiene que la innovación se debe comprender desde una óptica multinivel que incluyan las características del ambiente regional así como las capacidades de la firma. Para lograr este objetivo, se construyó un modelo estadístico multinivel, el cual arrojó evidencia sobre los beneficios de este enfoque en la innovación empresarial. Los resultados sugieren el enfoque multinivel para futuras investigación sobre innovación.

7. Sistema de medida dos índices de qualidade da água - Peixeiro, Rui Manuel dos Santos
Devido às preocupações ambientais existentes nos dias de hoje e a crescente importância da redução da poluição para um desenvolvimento sustentável, a monitorização da qualidade da água é muito importante e útil para o estudo das características flsico químicas de todos os tipos de água e é essencial para compreender a necessidade de proteger e recuperar a qualidade de um elemento que é vital para todos nós e de todos os seres que nos rodeiam. O presente trabalho tem como objectivo o desenvolvimento de um sistema de medida de índices de qualidade da água, nomeadamente da condutividade, temperatura e turbidez....

8. Planning and designing FTTH networks: elements, tools and practical issues - Segarra Mullerat, Josep; Sales Zaragoza, Vicente; Prat Gomà, Josep Joan
Fiber-To-The Home (FTTH) provides the offered and new broadband services. Now it is deployed massively worldwide with Passive Optical Networks (PONs), being the EPON and GPON standards the most used. In this paper we consider solutions for planning and designing such optical fiber access networks from the point of view of an incumbent operator; taking into account components administration, mapping tools, design applications and automation resources; therefore, managing infrastructures, materials, geography, houses,buildings and users databases. The networks will be dynamic, so the proposed designs and utilities must also be active to reach thousands of passed homes and to cover the life-cycle of the...

9. Caracterización de materiales alternativos para frenos de fricción - Araque Rios, de los, Oscar Javier
Existen diversos mecanismos utilizados como frenos de fricción como son magnéticos, eléctricos y mecánicos entre otros, el dispositivo de Zapata doble exterior contráctil es uno de ellos y su uso experimental se fundamenta en la facilidad de operación y comportamiento físico ampliamente conocido, en el desarrollo de este documento se han utilizado algunos materiales conocidos, económicos y de fácil adquisición, estos se han utilizado como zapatas en el dispositivo antes mencionado son: Caucho. Madera de Nogal, Asbesto, Cuero, Fundición y Corcho. Estos materiales fueron sometidos a una serie de pruebas a velocidades de 800 rpm, 1200 rpm y 1800 rpm...

10. Optic nerve sheath meningiomas - Litré, Claude Fabien; Colin, P; Rousseaux, P; Civit, T

11. Attention in action: evidence from on-line corrections in left visual neglect - Rossit, S.; McIntosh, R.D.; Malhotra, P.; Butler, S.H.; Muir, K.; Harvey, M.
It is widely accepted that the posterior parietal cortex is critical for the on-line control of action and optic ataxia patients are unable to correct their movements in-flight to changes in target position. The current study investigated on-line correction in patients with left visual neglect, right brain damaged patients without neglect and healthy controls. Participants were asked to reach towards a central target that could jump unexpectedly, at movement onset, to the right or left sides of space. In response to the jump, participants were asked either to follow the target or to stop their movement. Neglect patients were able...

12. Optical filter cascading effects in a phase modulated coherent optical OFDM transmission system based on Hartley transform - Chochol, M.; Fabrega, J.M.; Svaluto Moreolo, Michela; Junyent Giralt, Gabriel
Effects of cascading optical filters are investigated for a phase modulated coherent optical OFDM system based on Hartley transform. The evaluation is performed by means of numeric simulations in a 10 Gb/s system with a total bandwidth of 10 GHz. First a back-to-back (no fiber) case is assessed. Results show a 3 dB power penalty after a single filter of only 68% of the signal bandwidth. The same penalty is achieved when cascading 10 filters of 21.6 GHz bandwidth. Additionally, the penalties associated to the introduction of fiber spans between filters are investigated.

13. Path-based recovery in flexgrid optical networks - Castro Casales, Alberto; Ruiz Ramírez, Marc; Velasco Esteban, Luis Domingo; Junyent Giralt, Gabriel; Comellas Colomé, Jaume
With the advent of flexgrid optical networks, the rigid wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology will be enhanced by providing better spectrum efficiency and flexibility. In those future flexible optical networks, optical connections (lightpaths) can allocate a flexible number of spectrum slices, also known as frequency slots, so to match better with its requested bitrate. In this paper, we propose to take advantage of this flexible spectrum allocation in recovery mechanisms to be triggered when a failure occurs to provide recovery of part of the requested bitrate, i.e. the allocated spectrum by backup lightpaths could be lower than that of the working lightpaths provided that client service level...

14. Energy-aware routing optimization in dynamic GMPLS controlled optical networks - Wang, J; Ricciardi, Sergio; Fagertun, A.M.; Ruepp, Sarah; Careglio, Davide; Dittmann, L.
In this paper, routing optimizations based on energy sources are proposed in dynamic GMPLS controlled optical networks. The influences of re-routing and load balancing factors on the algorithm are evaluated, with a focus on different re-routing thresholds. Results from dynamic network simulations show that re-routing strategies can lower CO2 emissions compared to the basic energy source routing scheme, and a lower re-routing threshold achieves more savings. The increased blocking probability brought by using re-routing schemes can be compensated by applying load balancing criteria. A trade-off between blocking probability and obtained CO2 savings is studied.

15. Redes ópticas DWDM: diseño e implementación - Buelvas Peñarredonda, Duilio Arnulfo; Téllez Silva, Iván Darío; Amado Mateus, Edgar

16. Pax2 regulates a fadd-dependent molecular switch that drives tissue fusion during eye development - Viringipurampeer, Ishaq A.; Ferreira, Todd; DeMaria, Shannon; Yoon, Jookyung J.; Shan, Xianghong; Moosajee, Mariya; Gregory-Evans, Kevin; Ngai, John; Gregory-Evans, Cheryl Y.
Tissue fusion is an essential morphogenetic mechanism in development, playing a fundamental role in developing neural tube, palate and the optic fissure. Disruption of genes associated with the tissue fusion can lead to congenital malformations, such as spina bifida, cleft lip/palate and ocular coloboma. For instance, the Pax2 transcription factor is required for optic fissure closure, although the mechanism of Pax2 action leading to tissue fusion remains elusive. This lack of information defining how transcription factors drive tissue morphogenesis at the cellular level is hampering new treatments options. Through loss- and gain-of-function analysis, we now establish that pax2 in combination...

17. Subnanosecond pulse measurements of 10.6 μm radiation with tellurium - Haselhoff, E.H.; Bonnie, R.J.M.; Ernst, G.J.; Witteman, W.J.
Subnanosecond infrared pulses have been measured by noncollinear secondharmonic generation in tellurium. The method is very practical because due to the high refractive index the fine tuning of the phase matching is easily obtained by rotating the crystal around the optic axis.

18. El acceso desigual a los derechos laborales en el servicio doméstico argentino: una aproximación desde la óptica de las empleadoras - Pereyra, Francisca
Domestic work in Argentina "as in Latin America in general" is one of the main sources of employment for low-income women, as well as one of the most unprotected types of occupation. On one hand, the regulation of this type of work is based on a special regime that implies substantially restricted rights when compared to those of the general legislation for salaried workers. On the other hand, despite the restricted rights of this occupation, employers low levels of compliance are alarming. In this context, any attempt to improve these workers situation requires measures aimed to change employers behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to expand...

19. Serviços de telecomunicações banda larga internacional utilizando sistemas ópticos submarinos : como a competição transformou um setor atrativo em hostil e quais são as alternativas de saída - Minervini Neto, Francisco

20. Desenvolvimento de biomaterial a partior de matriz amniótica humana - Francisco, Júlio César
Resumo: A membrana amniótica tem sido estudada como possível biomaterial na Medicina Regenerativa, sobretudo de uso externo. Os protocolos são controversos entre os métodos descelularização e manutenção da integridade de seus componentes. Objetivo: desenvolver um biomaterial a partir de matriz amniótica humana. Material e Métodos: Realizado protocolo modificado de placenta humana a base detergentes iônicos para remoção de todos os componentes celulares da membrana amniótica. Placentas obtidas de parto cesáreo de gestantes saudáveis e concepto à termo (n = 12) foram divididas aleatóriamente em dois fragmentos cada e tratadas com dióxido de cloro estabilizado 8% (v/v) por 20 minutos. Posteriormente...

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