181.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) autotetraploids with improved processing quality produced by an in vitro colchicine treatment
- Smith, M.K.; Hamill, S.D.; Gogel, B.J.; Severn-Ellis, A.A.
Ginger autotetraploids were produced by immersing shoot tips in a 0.5% w/v colchicine,2% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide solution for 2 h. Stomatal measurements were used as an early indicator of ploidy differences in culture with mean stomata length of tetraploids (49.2 um)being significantly larger than the diploid (38.8 um). Of the 500 shoot tips treated, 2% were characterised as stable autotetraploid lines following field evaluation over several seasons. Results were confirmed with flow cytometry and, of the 7 lines evaluated for distinctness and uniformity, 6 were solid tetraploid mutants and 1 was a periclinal chimera. Significant differences were noted between individual...
182.
Role of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)in Controlling Plutella xylostell (Lepidoptera:Plutellidae): Cage Exclusion Experiments and Direct Observation
- Wang, X.; Duff, J.; Keller, M.A.; Zalucki, M.P.; Liu, S.; Bailey, P.
We evaluated the role of the larval parasitoid, Diadegma semiclausum Hellén (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), in controlling Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) by cage exclusion experiments and direct field observation during the winter season in southern Queensland, Australia. The cage exclusion experiment involved uncaged, open cage and closed cage treatments. A higher percentage (54-83%) of P. xylostella larvae on sentinel plants were lost in the uncaged treatment than the closed (4-9%) or open cage treatments (11-29%). Of the larvae that remained in the uncaged treatment, 72-94% were parasitized by D. semiclausum, much higher than that in the open cage treatment (8-37% in...
183.
Discovery of genes associated with fruit ripening in arica papaya using expressed sequence tags
- Devitt, L.C.; Sawbridge, T.; Holton, T.A.
To identify genes involved in papaya fruit ripening, a total of 1171 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from randomly selected clones of two independent fruit cDNA libraries derived from yellow and red-fleshed fruit varieties. The most abundant sequences encoded: chitinase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase, catalase and methionine synthase, respectively. DNA sequence comparisons identified ESTs with significant similarity to genes associated with fruit softening, aroma and colour biosynthesis. Putative cell wall hydrolases, cell membrane hydrolases, and ethylene synthesis and regulation sequences were identified with predicted roles in fruit softening. Expressed papaya genes associated with fruit aroma included isoprenoid biosynthesis and...
184.
Discovery of genes associated with fruit ripening in Carica papaya using expressed sequence tags
- Devitt, L.C.; Sawbridge, T.; Holton, T.A.; Mitchelson, K.; Dietzgen, R.G.
To identify genes involved in papaya fruit ripening, a total of 1171 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from randomly selected clones of two independent fruit cDNA libraries derived from yellow and red-fleshed fruit varieties. The most abundant sequences encoded:chitinase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase, catalase and methionine synthase, respectively. DNA sequence comparisons identified ESTs with significant similarity to genes associated with fruit softening, aroma and colour biosynthesis. Putative cell wall hydrolases, cell membrane hydrolases, and ethylene synthesis and regulation sequences were identified with predicted roles in fruit softening. Expressed papaya genes associated with fruit aroma included isoprenoid biosynthesis and shikimic...
185.
Kirramyces viscidus sp. nov., a new eucalypt pathogen from tropical Australia closely related to the serious leaf pathogen, Kirramyces destructans
- Andjic, V.; Barber, P.A.; Carnegie, A.J.; Pegg, G.S.; Hardy, G.E.S.J.; Wingfield, M.J.; Burgess, T.
Kirramyces destructans is a serious pathogen causing a leaf, bud and shoot blight disease of Eucalyptus plantations in the subtropics and tropics of South-East Asia. During surveillance of eucalypt taxa trials in northern Queensland, symptoms resembling those of K. destructans were observed on Eucalyptus grandis and E. grandis × E. camaldulensis. Phylogenetic and morphological studies revealed that the Kirramyces sp. associated with these symptoms represents a new taxon described here as K. viscidus sp. nov., which is closely related to K. destructans. Plantation assessments revealed that while E. grandis from the Copperload provenance, collected in northern Queensland, recovered from disease,...
186.
Developing improved supply chains for temperate fruits in transitional Asian economies of Thailand and Vietnam.
- Nissen, R.J.; George, A.P.; Broadley, R.H.; Newman, S.M.; Hetherington, S.
Asia's increasing demand for both tropical and temperate fruit is projected to grow significantly. Compared with most developed countries, the production of temperate fruits (peach, nectarine, plum and apple) has expanded rapidly in China over the past 20 years. In contrast, current production of plums and peaches in neighbouring countries (Thailand and Vietnam) is very low but their fruit enters the market earlier. Thailand and Vietnam have enormous potential to satisfy a market window in the northern hemisphere period from March to May inclusive when there is little or no stone fruit on the Asian market. In Vietnam, fruit is...
187.
Strategic Analysis: A key factor in developing horticultural supply chains in transitional Asian economies
- George, A.P.; Nissen, R.J.; Broadley, R.H.
Globalisation is set to have a major impact on world horticultural production and distribution of fruit and vegetables throughout the world. In contrast to developing countries such as China, production and consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables in most developed countries is relatively static. For developed countries, we are starting to see consolidation in the number of farms producing fruit and vegetables with falling or static prices and real farm incomes. Global supply chains are now dominated by a few large multi-national retailers supplied by preferred trans-national distribution companies. The major competitive advantages that are emerging are consistency of supply...
188.
Perennial grassland dynamics on fertile plains: Is coexistence mediated by disturbance?
- Lewis, T.; Clarke, P.J.; Reid, N.; Whalley, R.D.B.
The response of grasslands to disturbance varies with the nature of the disturbance and the productivity of the landscape. In highly productive grasslands, competitive exclusion often results in decreased species richness and grazing may allow more species to coexist. Once widespread, grasslands dominated by Dichanthium sericeum (Queensland bluegrass) and Astrebla spp. (Mitchell grass) occur on fertile plains but have been reduced in extent by cultivation. We tested the effects of exclusion of livestock grazing on these grasslands by comparing the floristic composition of sites in a nature reserve with an adjacent stock reserve. In addition, sites that had been cultivated...
189.
Estudio, evaluación e introducción de nuevas especies autóctonas mediterráneas de la Península Ibérica y Baleares para usos ornamentales y paisajísticos.
- Cabot i Roig, Pere
1.-Estudio y evaluación de nuevas especies autóctonas arbustivas, subarbustivas y herbáceas, originarias de
regiones de clima mediterráneo de la Península Ibérica y Baleares con la finalidad de favorecer la innovación
y la diversificación de la oferta en las distintas utilizaciones ornamentales u paisajísticas:
-Jardinería exterior en clima mediterráneo.
-Restauración paisajística.
-Nuevas especies para flor cortada, planta de maceta y vede de corte.
2.-Puesta a punto de los métodos de propagación necesarios para desarrollar formas de presentación
comercial:
-material vegetal.
-planta para distintos usos ornamentales.
La finalidad serÃa conseguir actividades económicas novedosas y de alto valor añadido para mejorar la
competitividad del sector.
3.-Implementación de campos de plantas madres bancos de semillas y...
190.
Establishment of an Australian mild onion industry - the sensory component
- Reid, C.E.; Nottingham, S.M.; Bell, G.E.; Duff, A.A.
In recent years, there has been increasing interest from growers, merchants, supermarkets and consumers in the establishment of a national mild onion industry. Imperative to the success of the emergent industry is the application of the National Mild Onion Certification Scheme that will establish standards and recommendations to be met by growers to allow them to declare their product as certified mild onions. The use of sensory evaluation techniques has played an imperative role throughout the project timeline that has also included varietal evaluation, evaluation of current agronomic practices and correlation of chemical analysis data. Raw onion consumer acceptance testing...
191.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) autotetraploids with improved processing quality produced by an in vitro colchicine treatment
- Smith, M.K.; Hamill, S.D.; Gogel, B.J.; Severn-Ellis, A.A.
Ginger autotetraploids were produced by immersing shoot tips in a 0.5% w/v colchicine, 2% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide solution for 2 h. Stomatal measurements were used as an early indicator of ploidy differences in culture with mean stomata length of tetraploids (49.2 μm) being significantly larger than the diploid (38.8 µm). Of the 500 shoot tips treated, 2% were characterised as stable autotetraploid lines following field evaluation over several seasons. Results were confirmed with flow cytometry and, of the 7 lines evaluated for distinctness and uniformity, 6 were solid tetraploid mutants and 1 was a periclinal chimera. Significant differences were noted...
192.
In vitro Induction of Banana Autotetraploids by Colchicine Treatment of Micropropagated Diploids
- Hamill, S.D.; Smith, M.K.; Dodd, W.A.
Alternative breeding strategies, based on colchicine-induced autotetraploids, have been proposed as a means of introducing disease resistance into banana breeding programs. This paper describes techniques for the in vitro induction of banana autotetraploids by the use of colchicine on cultured explants. The technique can be readily applied and large numbers of autotetraploids produced. The optimum treatment involved immersing shoot tips in a 0.5% w/v colchicine solution for 2 h under aseptic conditions. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was applied with the colchicine treatments to increase cell permeability and so absorption of colchicine, resulting in the optimum treatment unchanged at 0.5% colchicine, but...
193.
Field evaluation of micropropagated and conventionally propagated ginger in subtropical Queensland
- Smith, M.K.; Hamill, S.D.
The growth and performance of micropropagated ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)was compared with 'seed'-derived plants in field trials conducted in south-eastern Queensland. In the first generation ex vitro, micropropagated plants had significantly (P<0.01) reduced rhizome yield with smaller knobs and more roots. Micropropagated plants had a greater (P<0.01) shoot: root (rhizome) ratio compared with seed-derived plants. Shoots from micropropagated plants were also significantly (P<0.01) smaller with a greater number of shoots per plant. The unusual shoot morphology of the micropropagated plants did not appear to be related to the presence of benzylaminopurine, a plant growth hormone added to the multiplication medium,...
194.
Host range, symptom expression and RNA 3 sequence analyses of six Australian strains of Cucumber mosaic virus
- Sulistyowati, E.; Mitter, N.; Bastiaan-netb, S.; Roossinck, M.J.; Dietzgen, R.G.
We have characterised six Australian Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strains belonging to different subgroups, determined by the sequence of their complete RNA 3 and by their host range and the symptoms they cause on species in the Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae and on sweet corn. These data allowed classification of strains into the known three CMV subgroups and identification of plant species able to differentiate the Australian strains by symptoms and host range. Western Australian strains 237 and Twa and Queensland strains 207 and 242 are closely related members of CMV subgroup IA, which cause similar severe symptoms on Nicotiana species. Strains...
195.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) autotetraploids with improved processing quality produced by an in vitro colchicine treatment
- Smith, M.K.; Hamill, S.D.; Gogel, B.J.; Severn-Ellis, A.A.
Ginger autotetraploids were produced by immersing shoot tips in a 0.5% w/v colchicine,2% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide solution for 2 h. Stomatal measurements were used as an early indicator of ploidy differences in culture with mean stomata length of tetraploids (49.2 um)being significantly larger than the diploid (38.8 um). Of the 500 shoot tips treated, 2% were characterised as stable autotetraploid lines following field evaluation over several seasons. Results were confirmed with flow cytometry and, of the 7 lines evaluated for distinctness and uniformity, 6 were solid tetraploid mutants and 1 was a periclinal chimera. Significant differences were noted between individual...
196.
Role of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)in Controlling Plutella xylostell (Lepidoptera:Plutellidae): Cage Exclusion Experiments and Direct Observation
- Wang, X.; Duff, J.; Keller, M.A.; Zalucki, M.P.; Liu, S.; Bailey, P.
We evaluated the role of the larval parasitoid, Diadegma semiclausum Hellén (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), in controlling Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) by cage exclusion experiments and direct field observation during the winter season in southern Queensland, Australia. The cage exclusion experiment involved uncaged, open cage and closed cage treatments. A higher percentage (54-83%) of P. xylostella larvae on sentinel plants were lost in the uncaged treatment than the closed (4-9%) or open cage treatments (11-29%). Of the larvae that remained in the uncaged treatment, 72-94% were parasitized by D. semiclausum, much higher than that in the open cage treatment (8-37% in...
197.
Establishment of an Australian mild onion industry - the sensory component
- Reid, C.E.; Nottingham, S.M.; Bell, G.E.; Duff, A.A.
In recent years, there has been increasing interest from growers, merchants, supermarkets and consumers in the establishment of a national mild onion industry. Imperative to the success of the emergent industry is the application of the National Mild Onion Certification Scheme that will establish standards and recommendations to be met by growers to allow them to declare their product as certified mild onions. The use of sensory evaluation techniques has played an imperative role throughout the project timeline that has also included varietal evaluation, evaluation of current agronomic practices and correlation of chemical analysis data. Raw onion consumer acceptance testing...
198.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) autotetraploids with improved processing quality produced by an in vitro colchicine treatment
- Smith, M.K.; Hamill, S.D.; Gogel, B.J.; Severn-Ellis, A.A.
Ginger autotetraploids were produced by immersing shoot tips in a 0.5% w/v colchicine, 2% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide solution for 2 h. Stomatal measurements were used as an early indicator of ploidy differences in culture with mean stomata length of tetraploids (49.2 μm) being significantly larger than the diploid (38.8 µm). Of the 500 shoot tips treated, 2% were characterised as stable autotetraploid lines following field evaluation over several seasons. Results were confirmed with flow cytometry and, of the 7 lines evaluated for distinctness and uniformity, 6 were solid tetraploid mutants and 1 was a periclinal chimera. Significant differences were noted...
199.
Discovery of genes associated with fruit ripening in arica papaya using expressed sequence tags
- Devitt, L.C.; Sawbridge, T.; Holton, T.A.
To identify genes involved in papaya fruit ripening, a total of 1171 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from randomly selected clones of two independent fruit cDNA libraries derived from yellow and red-fleshed fruit varieties. The most abundant sequences encoded: chitinase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase, catalase and methionine synthase, respectively. DNA sequence comparisons identified ESTs with significant similarity to genes associated with fruit softening, aroma and colour biosynthesis. Putative cell wall hydrolases, cell membrane hydrolases, and ethylene synthesis and regulation sequences were identified with predicted roles in fruit softening. Expressed papaya genes associated with fruit aroma included isoprenoid biosynthesis and...
200.
In vitro Induction of Banana Autotetraploids by Colchicine Treatment of Micropropagated Diploids
- Hamill, S.D.; Smith, M.K.; Dodd, W.A.
Alternative breeding strategies, based on colchicine-induced autotetraploids, have been proposed as a means of introducing disease resistance into banana breeding programs. This paper describes techniques for the in vitro induction of banana autotetraploids by the use of colchicine on cultured explants. The technique can be readily applied and large numbers of autotetraploids produced. The optimum treatment involved immersing shoot tips in a 0.5% w/v colchicine solution for 2 h under aseptic conditions. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was applied with the colchicine treatments to increase cell permeability and so absorption of colchicine, resulting in the optimum treatment unchanged at 0.5% colchicine, but...
