101.
Full Tècnic. Conreus Extensius. Comarques de Girona, núm. 10 (2008)
- Serra i Gironella, Joan
102.
Biology of Anguina mobilis n.s.p. on capeweed (Cryptostemma calendulaceum)
- Chit, Walter
iv, 130 leaves : ill.
103.
The ecology of Pratylenchus minyus
- Kimpinski, Joe
180 leaves [14 p.] : ill. ; 26 cm.
104.
Nematoda
- Jamieson, B. G.; Justine, J. L.
105.
Organic farming practices favor bacterivore and fungivore nematodes as compared to plant-parasitic nematodes
- Briar, Shabeg S.
A primary objective of nematological research is to identify farming strategies that increase multiplication of free-living nematodes that contribute to nutrient cycling but reduce that of plant parasitic nematodes that reduces crop yield. We hypothesized that the organic farming system would be dominated by bacterial and fungal feeding nematodes but not by plant parasitic nematodes. Therefore, we compared nematode communities for a four-year period (2000-2003) in a field transitioning to organic farming with that under low tillage conventional management. Conventional plots had corn and soybean rotation and received synthetic inputs. Organic plots had corn, soybeans, oats and hay rotation and...
106.
Ultrastructure of Nematode-Trapping Fungi1
- Heintz, C. E.; Pramer, David
Capture cells differ ultrastructurally from vegetative cells in the nematode-trapping fungi, Dactylella drechslerii, Monacrosporium rutgeriensis and Arthrobotrys dactyloides, which capture prey by means of adhesive knobs, adhesive hyphal networks, and constricting rings, respectively. Adhesive knobs and adhesive networks contain dense inclusions not found in hyphal tips or subapical regions of the vegetative hyphae, and rough- and smooth-surfaced membranes are abundant in these trap cells. The fine structure of constricting rings differs from that of adhesive traps, and it is altered by closure. In the open configuration, there are membrane-bound inclusions, labyrinthine networks, and electron-lucent regions between the protoplasts and cell...
107.
Ultrastructure of Nematode-Trapping Fungi1
- Heintz, C. E.; Pramer, David
Capture cells differ ultrastructurally from vegetative cells in the nematode-trapping fungi, Dactylella drechslerii, Monacrosporium rutgeriensis and Arthrobotrys dactyloides, which capture prey by means of adhesive knobs, adhesive hyphal networks, and constricting rings, respectively. Adhesive knobs and adhesive networks contain dense inclusions not found in hyphal tips or subapical regions of the vegetative hyphae, and rough- and smooth-surfaced membranes are abundant in these trap cells. The fine structure of constricting rings differs from that of adhesive traps, and it is altered by closure. In the open configuration, there are membrane-bound inclusions, labyrinthine networks, and electron-lucent regions between the protoplasts and cell...
108.
Coprinus comatus Damages Nematode Cuticles Mechanically with Spiny Balls and Produces Potent Toxins To Immobilize Nematodes?
- Luo, Hong; Liu, Yajun; Fang, Lin; Li, Xuan; Tang, Ninghua; Zhang, Keqin
We reported recently a unique fungal structure, called the spiny ball, on the vegetative hyphae of Coprinus comatus (O. F. Müll.:Fr.) Pers. Although some observations regarding the role of this structure were presented, its function remained largely unknown. In this study, we showed that purified (isolated and washed) spiny balls could immobilize and kill the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus Goodey highly efficiently. Scanning electron microscopy studies illustrated that the spiny structure damaged the nematode cuticle, suggesting the presence of a mechanical force during the process of nematode immobilization. Severe injuries on nematode cuticles caused the leakage of inner materials of...
109.
A new root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne baetica n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), parasitizing wild olive in Southern Spain
- Castillo, Pablo; Vovlas, Nicola; Subbotin, Sergei A.; Troccoli, Alberto
High infection rates of wild olive (Olea europaea sp. sylvestris) feeder roots and soil infestation by a new root-knot nematode were found in sandy soil at Vejer de la Frontera (Cádiz), southern Spain. Morphometric traits and analyses of the nematode esterase electrophoretic pattern as well as of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-5.8S gene and D2-D3 fragment of the 28S gene of rDNA showed that specimens differed clearly from known root-knot nematodes. Studies of host–parasite relationships showed a typical susceptible reaction in naturally infected
wild olive plants and in olive planting stocks (cvs. Arbequina and Picual) artificially inoculated with the nematode....
110.
How cellular slime molds evade nematodes.
- Kessin, R H; Gundersen, G G; Zaydfudim, V; Grimson, M
We have found a predator-prey association between the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and the free soil living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans feeds on the amoebae and multiplies indefinitely when amoebae are the sole food source. In an environment created from soil, D. discoideum grows and develops, but not in the presence of C. elegans. During development, C. elegans feeds on amoebae until they aggregate and synthesize an extracellular matrix called the slime sheath. After the sheath forms, the aggregate and slug are protected. Adult nematodes ingest Dictyostelium spores, which pass through the gut of the worm without loss of...
111.
NEMBASE: a resource for parasitic nematode ESTs
- Parkinson, John; Whitton, Claire; Schmid, Ralf; Thomson, Marian; Blaxter, Mark
NEMBASE (available at http://www.nematodes.org) is a publicly available online database providing access to the sequence and associated meta-data currently being generated as part of the EdinburghWellcome Trust Sanger Institute parasitic nematode EST project. NEMBASE currently holds ?100 000 sequences from 10 different species of nematode. To facilitate ease of use, sequences have been processed to generate a non-redundant set of gene objects (partial genome) for each species. Users may query the database on the basis of BLAST annotation, sequence similarity or expression profiles. NEMBASE also features an interactive Java-based tool (SimiTri) which allows the simultaneous display and analysis of the...
112.
How cellular slime molds evade nematodes.
- Kessin, R H; Gundersen, G G; Zaydfudim, V; Grimson, M
We have found a predator-prey association between the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and the free soil living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans feeds on the amoebae and multiplies indefinitely when amoebae are the sole food source. In an environment created from soil, D. discoideum grows and develops, but not in the presence of C. elegans. During development, C. elegans feeds on amoebae until they aggregate and synthesize an extracellular matrix called the slime sheath. After the sheath forms, the aggregate and slug are protected. Adult nematodes ingest Dictyostelium spores, which pass through the gut of the worm without loss of...
113.
NEMBASE: a resource for parasitic nematode ESTs
- Parkinson, John; Whitton, Claire; Schmid, Ralf; Thomson, Marian; Blaxter, Mark
NEMBASE (available at http://www.nematodes.org) is a publicly available online database providing access to the sequence and associated meta-data currently being generated as part of the Edinburghâ??Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute parasitic nematode EST project. NEMBASE currently holds â?¼100 000 sequences from 10 different species of nematode. To facilitate ease of use, sequences have been processed to generate a non-redundant set of gene objects (â??partial genomeâ??) for each species. Users may query the database on the basis of BLAST annotation, sequence similarity or expression profiles. NEMBASE also features an interactive Java-based tool (SimiTri) which allows the simultaneous display and analysis of the...
114.
Estudio de nemátodos parásitos de lacértidos de la provincia de Tenerife
- Ruiz Sánchez, Soledad L
Se estudian los nematodos de lacertidos de la provincia de Tenerife, todos ellos pertenecientes a la familia pharyngodonidae. se realiza la descripción morfológica de todas las especies encontradas: spauligodon atlanticus, parathelandros canariensis, thelandros echinatus, t. Filiformis, t. Galloti, t. Tinerfensis y alaeuris numidica n. Ssp. Para la confirmación de la separación de especies y el correcto emparejamiento de machos y hembras se ha utilizado la técnica rapd. Los resultados más destacables de este capítulo son la descripción de dimormismo intrasexual en s. Atlanticus y la separación de t. Tinerfensis en 2 nuevas subespecies. El estudio citogenetico de todas las especies...
115.
Fergusobia/Fergusonina-induced shoot bud gall development on Melaleuca quinquenervia
- Giblin-Davis, Robin M.; Makinson, J.; Center, B. J.; Davies, Kerrie A.; Purcell, M.; Taylor, Gary Stewart; Scheffer, S. J.; Goolsby, J.; Center, T. D.
Fergusobia nematodes and Fergusonina flies are mutualists that cause a variety of gall types on myrtaceous plant buds and young leaves. The biology of an isolate of the gall complex was studied in its native range in Australia for possible use in southern Florida as a biological control agent against the invasive broad-leaved paperbark tree, Melaleuca quinquenervia. Timed studies with caged Fergusonina flies on young branches of M. quinquenervia revealed that females are synovigenic with lifetime fecundities of 183 ± 42 (standard error; SE) eggs and longevities of 17 ± 2 days. None of the male flies but all dissected...
116.
Biology of the Eucalypt gall-forming fly Fergusonia flavicornis Malloch (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) and its associated hymenopterans in South Australia, with a description of a new species of Bracon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
- Taylor, G. S.; Austin, Andrew Donald; Davies, Kerrie A.
Galls initiated by the association of Fergusonina flavicornis Malloch (Insecta: Diptera: Fergusoninidae) and Fergusobia sp. (Nematoda: Sphaerulariidae) on Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. at Goolwa, South Australia were monitored during a single, late summer generation for emergence of flies and associated Hymenoptera. The morphology of the galls is described for the first time. A total of 12 hymenopteran species was reared from galls, twice the number previously recorded from Fergusonina/Fergusobia galls. There was a strong positive correlation between emergence of flies, combined totals of flies and wasps and gall size. Bracon fergusoninus sp. nov., a probable primary parasitoid of F. flavicornis larvae,...
117.
Circuit Optimization Predicts Dynamic
- Networks For Chemosensory; Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans; Nathan A. Dunn; John S. Conery; Shawn R. Lockery
The connectivity of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been described completely, but the analysis of the neuronal basis of behavior in this system is just beginning. Here, we used an optimization algorithm to search for patterns of connectivity sufficient to compute the sensorimotor transformation underlying C. elegans chemotaxis, a simple form of spatial orientation behavior in which turning probability is modulated by the rate of change of chemical concentration.
118.
Secrets in secretions: genes that control nematode parasitism of plants
- Hussey,Richard S.; Davis,Eric L.; Baum,Thomas J.
The most evolutionary advanced adaptations for plant parasitism by nematodes are the products of parasitism genes expressed in their esophageal gland cells and secreted through their stylet into host tissue to control the complex process of parasitism. Molecular analyses of nematode parasitism genes are revealing the complexity of the tools a nematode possesses that enable it to attack plants and paints a more elaborate picture of host cellular events under specific control by the parasite than previously hypothesized. Interestingly, the majority of the nematode parasitism genes discovered encodes proteins unique to plant parasites. Identifying the complete profile of parasitism genes...
119.
Biogenic magnetite in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
- Cranfield, Charles G.; Dawe, Adam; Dobson, Jon; Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E.; Karloukovski, Vassil
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used as a model system inbiological research. Recently, examination of the production of heat-shock proteins in this organismin response to mobile phone-type electromagnetic field exposure produced the most robust demonstrationto date of a non-thermal, deleterious biological effect. Though these results appear to be a sound demonstrationof non-thermal bioeffects, to our knowledge, no mechanism has been proposed to explain them. We show,apparently for the first time, that biogenic magnetite, a ferrimagnetic iron oxide, is present in C.elegans. Its presence may have confounding effects on experiments involving electromagnetic fields aswell as implications for the use of...
120.
Biogenic magnetite in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
- Cranfield, Charles G.; Dawe, Adam; Dobson, Jon; Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E.; Karloukovski, Vassil
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used as a model system inbiological research. Recently, examination of the production of heat-shock proteins in this organismin response to mobile phone-type electromagnetic field exposure produced the most robust demonstrationto date of a non-thermal, deleterious biological effect. Though these results appear to be a sound demonstrationof non-thermal bioeffects, to our knowledge, no mechanism has been proposed to explain them. We show,apparently for the first time, that biogenic magnetite, a ferrimagnetic iron oxide, is present in C.elegans. Its presence may have confounding effects on experiments involving electromagnetic fields aswell as implications for the use of...
