121.
Review article
- Virus Detection
Abstract – For over two centuries, Borna disease (BD) has been described as a sporadically occurring infectious meningoencephalomyelitis affecting horses and sheep in Central Europe. Over the last decade, the BD epidemiology has been discussed. Firstly, its geographical distribution seems larger than what was previously thought. Secondly, the disease can affect a large number of warm-blooded animal species, including humans. The aetiological agent is the Borna disease virus (BDV), an enveloped, nonsegmented negative-stranded RNA virus classified in the new virus family Bornaviridae (Mononegavirales order). It can induce severe clinical signs of encephalitis with striking behavioural disturbances and may cause death....
122.
Viruses of Entamoeba histolytica III. Properties of the Polyhedral Virus of the HB-301 Strain
- Hruska, Jerome F.; Mattern, Carl F. T.; Diamond, Louis S.; Keister, David B.
Some biological characteristics and bioassay of a polyhedral virus isolated from normal-appearing strain HB-301 of Entamoeba histolytica are described. The virus produced lysis of susceptible strains of E. histolytica, yet it caused no cytopathological effect in the host strain, HB-301. The virus and host amoeba existed in an equilibrium; approximately 104 mean infective dose units of virus were produced per million HB-301 amoebae. Superinfection and antiviral antiserum treatment failed to disturb this equilibrium permanently. The mechanism of viral persistence in strain HB-301 amoebae remains to be determined. Purification of the virus was attempted. Ninety-nine percent of the viral infectivity was...
123.
Viruses of Entamoeba histolytica III. Properties of the Polyhedral Virus of the HB-301 Strain
- Hruska, Jerome F.; Mattern, Carl F. T.; Diamond, Louis S.; Keister, David B.
Some biological characteristics and bioassay of a polyhedral virus isolated from normal-appearing strain HB-301 of Entamoeba histolytica are described. The virus produced lysis of susceptible strains of E. histolytica, yet it caused no cytopathological effect in the host strain, HB-301. The virus and host amoeba existed in an equilibrium; approximately 104 mean infective dose units of virus were produced per million HB-301 amoebae. Superinfection and antiviral antiserum treatment failed to disturb this equilibrium permanently. The mechanism of viral persistence in strain HB-301 amoebae remains to be determined. Purification of the virus was attempted. Ninety-nine percent of the viral infectivity was...
124.
Absence of Leukosis Virus Markers in Hamster Cells Transformed by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
- Rapp, Fred; Conner, Richard; Glaser, Ronald; Duff, Ronald
Hamster cells which transformed after exposure to herpes simplex virus type 2 previously irradiated with ultraviolet light were tested for the presence of hamster leukosis viruses or their virus-specific antigens. Three techniques that were used did not detect the presence of either hamster C-type particles or antigens commonly associated with such structures. The implication of these findings to current concepts of virus oncology is discussed.
125.
Absence of Leukosis Virus Markers in Hamster Cells Transformed by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
- Rapp, Fred; Conner, Richard; Glaser, Ronald; Duff, Ronald
Hamster cells which transformed after exposure to herpes simplex virus type 2 previously irradiated with ultraviolet light were tested for the presence of hamster leukosis viruses or their virus-specific antigens. Three techniques that were used did not detect the presence of either hamster C-type particles or antigens commonly associated with such structures. The implication of these findings to current concepts of virus oncology is discussed.
126.
Hemolysis by Liposomes Containing Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins
- Hosaka, Yasuhiro; Yasuda, Yuko; Fukai, Konosuke
Liposomes containing influenza virus hemagglutinin were reassembled from envelopes solubilized with Nonidet P-40 and were shown to induce hemolysis and cell fusion at low pH.
127.
Characterization of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus DNAs
- Summers, Max D.; Anderson, David L.
The nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNAs characterized and compared in this study consist of the singly-enveloped nucleocapsids (SNPV) of Trichoplusia ni and the bundles of nucleocapsids common to a single envelope (MNPV) from Spodoptera frugiperda and Rachiplusia ou. The SNPV and MNPV DNAs are very similar in hydrodynamic properties and molecular weights. In addition, the NPV DNAs are similar in size to those extracted from the granulosis viruses that infect T. ni and S. frugiperda. As isolated from purified virus or directly from occluded virus, the nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNAs consist of a mixture of about 20 to 30% double-stranded covalently...
128.
Characterization of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus DNAs
- Summers, Max D.; Anderson, David L.
The nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNAs characterized and compared in this study consist of the singly-enveloped nucleocapsids (SNPV) of Trichoplusia ni and the bundles of nucleocapsids common to a single envelope (MNPV) from Spodoptera frugiperda and Rachiplusia ou. The SNPV and MNPV DNAs are very similar in hydrodynamic properties and molecular weights. In addition, the NPV DNAs are similar in size to those extracted from the granulosis viruses that infect T. ni and S. frugiperda. As isolated from purified virus or directly from occluded virus, the nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNAs consist of a mixture of about 20 to 30% double-stranded covalently...
129.
Hemolysis by Liposomes Containing Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins
- Hosaka, Yasuhiro; Yasuda, Yuko; Fukai, Konosuke
Liposomes containing influenza virus hemagglutinin were reassembled from envelopes solubilized with Nonidet P-40 and were shown to induce hemolysis and cell fusion at low pH.
130.
Virus-Associated Nucleases: Evidence for Endonuclease and Exonuclease Activity in Rabbitpox and Vaccinia Viruses
- Aubertin, Anne-Marie; McAuslan, B. R.
The endonucleolytic action of a deoxyribonuclease activity in rabbitpox and vaccinia virus was established by change in sedimentation rate of denatured 3H-lambda deoxyribonucleic acid substrate. The presence of two deoxyribonuclease activities in pox-virus is confirmed. Exo- and endonuclease activities are unmasked by treatment of purified virus with the detergent Nonidet P-40 and further enhanced by treatment of viral cores with trypsin.
131.
Virus-Associated Nucleases: Evidence for Endonuclease and Exonuclease Activity in Rabbitpox and Vaccinia Viruses
- Aubertin, Anne-Marie; McAuslan, B. R.
The endonucleolytic action of a deoxyribonuclease activity in rabbitpox and vaccinia virus was established by change in sedimentation rate of denatured 3H-lambda deoxyribonucleic acid substrate. The presence of two deoxyribonuclease activities in pox-virus is confirmed. Exo- and endonuclease activities are unmasked by treatment of purified virus with the detergent Nonidet P-40 and further enhanced by treatment of viral cores with trypsin.
132.
Influenza Virus Nucleoprotein Interacts with Influenza Virus Polymerase Proteins
- Biswas, Siddhartha K.; Boutz, Paul L.; Nayak, Debi P.
Influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is a critical factor in the viral infectious cycle in switching influenza virus RNA synthesis from transcription mode to replication mode. In this study, we investigated the interaction of NP with the viral polymerase protein complex. Using coimmunoprecipitation with monospecific or monoclonal antibodies, we observed that NP interacted with the RNP-free polymerase protein complex in influenza virus-infected cells. In addition, coexpression of the components of the polymerase protein complex (PB1, PB2, or PA) with NP either together or pairwise revealed that NP interacts with PB1 and PB2 but not PA. Interaction of NP with PB1 and...
133.
Influenza Virus Nucleoprotein Interacts with Influenza Virus Polymerase Proteins
- Biswas, Siddhartha K.; Boutz, Paul L.; Nayak, Debi P.
Influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is a critical factor in the viral infectious cycle in switching influenza virus RNA synthesis from transcription mode to replication mode. In this study, we investigated the interaction of NP with the viral polymerase protein complex. Using coimmunoprecipitation with monospecific or monoclonal antibodies, we observed that NP interacted with the RNP-free polymerase protein complex in influenza virus-infected cells. In addition, coexpression of the components of the polymerase protein complex (PB1, PB2, or PA) with NP either together or pairwise revealed that NP interacts with PB1 and PB2 but not PA. Interaction of NP with PB1 and...
134.
Isolation of Naturally Occurring Viruses of the Murine Leukemia Virus Group in Tissue Culture
- Hartley, Janet W.; Rowe, Wallace P.; Capps, Worth I.; Huebner, Robert J.
A tissue culture cell system for isolation and identification of members of the murine leukemia virus group (the complement fixation for murine leukemia test) was modified to permit the isolation of naturally occurring virus from leukemic and normal mice. The important factors for increasing the sensitivity of the test were the use of National Institutes of Health (NIH) strain Webster Swiss embryo cell cultures and the selection of rat-immune sera having complement-fixing antibodies to tissue culture antigens of both the Gross and FMR subgroups. In all, 163 strains of mouse leukemia virus, from 11 inbred mouse strains, have been isolated....
135.
Isolation of Naturally Occurring Viruses of the Murine Leukemia Virus Group in Tissue Culture
- Hartley, Janet W.; Rowe, Wallace P.; Capps, Worth I.; Huebner, Robert J.
A tissue culture cell system for isolation and identification of members of the murine leukemia virus group (the complement fixation for murine leukemia test) was modified to permit the isolation of naturally occurring virus from leukemic and normal mice. The important factors for increasing the sensitivity of the test were the use of National Institutes of Health (NIH) strain Webster Swiss embryo cell cultures and the selection of rat-immune sera having complement-fixing antibodies to tissue culture antigens of both the Gross and FMR subgroups. In all, 163 strains of mouse leukemia virus, from 11 inbred mouse strains, have been isolated....
136.
Structure and Development of Viruses as Observed in the Electron Microscope IX. Entry of Parainfluenza I (Sendai) Virus
- Morgan, Councilman; Howe, Calderon
After attachment, the uncoating of Sendai virus, which was accompanied by dissolution of the plasma membrane and fusion of virus to cell, proceeded quickly. Nucleoprotein filaments were found at stages of transit from virus to cytoplasm.
137.
Structure and Development of Viruses as Observed in the Electron Microscope IX. Entry of Parainfluenza I (Sendai) Virus
- Morgan, Councilman; Howe, Calderon
After attachment, the uncoating of Sendai virus, which was accompanied by dissolution of the plasma membrane and fusion of virus to cell, proceeded quickly. Nucleoprotein filaments were found at stages of transit from virus to cytoplasm.
138.
Infectious Cell Entry Mechanism of Influenza Virus
- Yoshimura, Akihiko; Kuroda, Kazumichi; Kawasaki, Kazunori; Yamashina, Shohei; Maeda, Toyozo; Ohnishi, Shun-Ichi
Interaction between influenza virus WSN strain and MDCK cells was studied by using spin-labeled phospholipids and electron microscopy. Envelope fusion was negligibly small at neutral pH but greatly activated in acidic media in a narrow pH range around 5.0. The half-time was less than 1 min at 37°C at pH 5.0. Virus binding was almost independent of the pH. Endocytosis occurred with a half-time of about 7 min at 37°C at neutral pH, and about 50% of the initially bound virus was internalized after 1 h. Electron micrographs showed binding of virus particles in coated pits in the microvillous surface...
139.
Infectious Cell Entry Mechanism of Influenza Virus
- Yoshimura, Akihiko; Kuroda, Kazumichi; Kawasaki, Kazunori; Yamashina, Shohei; Maeda, Toyozo; Ohnishi, Shun-Ichi
Interaction between influenza virus WSN strain and MDCK cells was studied by using spin-labeled phospholipids and electron microscopy. Envelope fusion was negligibly small at neutral pH but greatly activated in acidic media in a narrow pH range around 5.0. The half-time was less than 1 min at 37°C at pH 5.0. Virus binding was almost independent of the pH. Endocytosis occurred with a half-time of about 7 min at 37°C at neutral pH, and about 50% of the initially bound virus was internalized after 1 h. Electron micrographs showed binding of virus particles in coated pits in the microvillous surface...
140.
Comparison of Membrane Protein Glycopeptides of Sindbis Virus and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
- Burge, Boyce W.; Huang, Alice S.
A comparison has been made of the membrane glycoproteins and glycopeptides from two enveloped viruses, Sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Glycopeptides isolated from Sindbis virus and VSV grown in the same host appear to differ principally in the number of sialic acid residues per glycopeptide; when sialic acid is removed by mild acid treatment, the glycopeptides of the two viral proteins are indistinguishable by exclusion chromatography. Preliminary evidence argues that the carbohydrate moiety covalently bound to different virus-specified membrane proteins may be specified principally by the host.
