81.
Polynucleotide Ligase Activity in Cells Infected with Simian Virus 40, Polyoma Virus, or Vaccinia Virus
- Sambrook, J.; Shatkin, A. J.
The conversion of simian virus 40 (SV40) component II deoxyribonucleic acid to component I has been used to assay polynucleotide ligase in extracts of tissue culture cells. All cell types examined, including chicken, hamster, mouse, monkey, and human cells, contained adenosine triphosphate-dependent ligase. After infection of mouse embryo, monkey kidney, and HeLa cells with polyoma virus, SV40, and vaccinia virus, respectively, the enzyme activity increased, but its cofactor requirement was unchanged. In vaccinia virus-infected cells, the increased activity was localized in the cytoplasm. Ligase induction occurred in the presence of cytosine arabinoside but was prevented by puromycin. Rifampicin blocked the...
82.
Transformation of Murine Cells by Two Slow Viruses, Visna Virus and Progressive Pneumonia Virus
- Takemoto, Kenneth K.; Stone, Lawrence B.
Visna and progressive pneumonia virus (PPV), two antigenically related, non-oncogenic slow viruses which have ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase activity, were examined for their ability to transform cells. Murine cells which had been exposed to either visna or PPV developed foci of altered, spindle-shaped cells 3 to 4 weeks after infection. Visna and PPV transformed lines were established from these cultures. There was no evidence that other oncogenic DNA or RNA viruses were involved in the observed transformation. Visna or PPV could be rescued from all transformed lines by co-cultivation with normal sheep testis cells. Rescued virus was...
83.
Polynucleotide Ligase Activity in Cells Infected with Simian Virus 40, Polyoma Virus, or Vaccinia Virus
- Sambrook, J.; Shatkin, A. J.
The conversion of simian virus 40 (SV40) component II deoxyribonucleic acid to component I has been used to assay polynucleotide ligase in extracts of tissue culture cells. All cell types examined, including chicken, hamster, mouse, monkey, and human cells, contained adenosine triphosphate-dependent ligase. After infection of mouse embryo, monkey kidney, and HeLa cells with polyoma virus, SV40, and vaccinia virus, respectively, the enzyme activity increased, but its cofactor requirement was unchanged. In vaccinia virus-infected cells, the increased activity was localized in the cytoplasm. Ligase induction occurred in the presence of cytosine arabinoside but was prevented by puromycin. Rifampicin blocked the...
84.
Antigenic and Morphological Similarities of Progressive Pneumonia Virus, a Recently Isolated Slow Virus of Sheep, to Visna and Maedi Viruses
- Takemoto, K. K.; Mattern, C. F. T.; Stone, L. B.; Coe, J. E.; Lavelle, G.
Progressive pneumonia virus, the causative agent of a slow, pulmonary disease of Montana sheep, was shown to be antigenically related to two other slow viruses of sheep, visna and maedi. Electron microscopic examination of infected cells revealed that the virus matures by a budding process and that the budding particles as well as the mature, extracellular virions bear striking resemblances to the oncogenic ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses. Recent findings of an RNA-dependent deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase associated with the virions of this group of slow viruses lend further support to the notion that they may tentatively be classified with the oncogenic...
85.
Transient Inhibition of Polyoma Virus Synthesis by Sendai Virus (Parainfluenza I) II. Mechanism of the Interference by Inactivated Virus 1
- Smith, Gary L.; Consigli, Richard A.
The mechanism of the transient inhibition of polyoma virus synthesis by betapropiolactone-inactivated Sendai virus was studied. Polyoma virus early functions did not appear to be affected, although deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and structural protein synthesis were inhibited 60 and 35% respectively. The inhibition of macromolecular synthesis was not sufficient to account for the 90% inhibition of infectious progeny formation. Encapsidation of polyoma DNA into mature virions appears to be completely inhibited after superinfection by beta-propiolactone-inactivated Sendai virus. Ultraviolet irradiation of live or beta-propiolactone-inactivated Sendai virus preparations abolishes the interfering capacity, indicating that a functional Sendai virus ribonucleic acid molecule is the...
86.
Antigenic and Morphological Similarities of Progressive Pneumonia Virus, a Recently Isolated Slow Virus of Sheep, to Visna and Maedi Viruses
- Takemoto, K. K.; Mattern, C. F. T.; Stone, L. B.; Coe, J. E.; Lavelle, G.
Progressive pneumonia virus, the causative agent of a slow, pulmonary disease of Montana sheep, was shown to be antigenically related to two other slow viruses of sheep, visna and maedi. Electron microscopic examination of infected cells revealed that the virus matures by a budding process and that the budding particles as well as the mature, extracellular virions bear striking resemblances to the oncogenic ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses. Recent findings of an RNA-dependent deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase associated with the virions of this group of slow viruses lend further support to the notion that they may tentatively be classified with the oncogenic...
87.
Transient Inhibition of Polyoma Virus Synthesis by Sendai Virus (Parainfluenza I) II. Mechanism of the Interference by Inactivated Virus 1
- Smith, Gary L.; Consigli, Richard A.
The mechanism of the transient inhibition of polyoma virus synthesis by betapropiolactone-inactivated Sendai virus was studied. Polyoma virus early functions did not appear to be affected, although deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and structural protein synthesis were inhibited 60 and 35% respectively. The inhibition of macromolecular synthesis was not sufficient to account for the 90% inhibition of infectious progeny formation. Encapsidation of polyoma DNA into mature virions appears to be completely inhibited after superinfection by beta-propiolactone-inactivated Sendai virus. Ultraviolet irradiation of live or beta-propiolactone-inactivated Sendai virus preparations abolishes the interfering capacity, indicating that a functional Sendai virus ribonucleic acid molecule is the...
88.
A New Virus Isolated from Salmonid Fish
- Oh, Myung-Joo; Yoshimizu, Mamoru; Kimura, Takahisa; Ezura, Yoshio
An undescribed virus was isolated from the brain of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), iwana (Salvelinus pluvius), rainbow trout (O. mykiss) and ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), and ovarian fluid of masu salmon (O. masou) cultured in the northern part of Japan. The virus was isolated from both juveniles and adult fishes. Diseased fish showed abnormal swimming movement and were lethargic. The virus replicated, inducing cytopathic effects and lysis in susceptible cell lines at temperatures of 5 to 25℃. Persistent infection was observed in several fish cell lines. The virus particles were enveloped, and were icosahedral in shape with about 80nm in diameter...
89.
A Mathematical Analysis of Concomitant Virus Replication and Heat Inactivation
- Purifoy, D. J. M.; Purifoy, J. A.; Sagik, B. P.
A mathematical analysis of virus production with accompanying heat inactivation, from which the rate of virus release and total virus production are readily calculated, is presented. Applications of this analysis for Sindbis and Chikungunya viruses are discussed.
90.
A Mathematical Analysis of Concomitant Virus Replication and Heat Inactivation
- Purifoy, D. J. M.; Purifoy, J. A.; Sagik, B. P.
A mathematical analysis of virus production with accompanying heat inactivation, from which the rate of virus release and total virus production are readily calculated, is presented. Applications of this analysis for Sindbis and Chikungunya viruses are discussed.
91.
Uniform Nomenclature for Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Virus-Coded Proteins of Simian Virus 40 and Polyoma Virus
- Crawford, Lionel; Harlow, Ed
A uniform nomenclature has been agreed upon for monoclonal antibodies directed against virus-coded proteins of simian virus 40 and polyoma virus. Blocks of numbers from PAb1 to PAb999 have been allocated to workers involved in the isolation of monoclonal antibodies of this type. The correspondence between PAb numbers and previously used names is given.
92.
Uniform Nomenclature for Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Virus-Coded Proteins of Simian Virus 40 and Polyoma Virus
- Crawford, Lionel; Harlow, Ed
A uniform nomenclature has been agreed upon for monoclonal antibodies directed against virus-coded proteins of simian virus 40 and polyoma virus. Blocks of numbers from PAb1 to PAb999 have been allocated to workers involved in the isolation of monoclonal antibodies of this type. The correspondence between PAb numbers and previously used names is given.
93.
Hemagglutination-Inhibition: Rapid Assay for Neuraminic Acid-Containing Viruses
- Compans, Richard W.
Influenza virus particles bind rapidly to vesicular stomatitis, Sindbis, or Rauscher murine leukemia virus particles, forming mixed aggregates demonstrable by electron microscopy. The normal hemagglutinating property of influenza virus is inhibited by these viruses, providing a rapid quantitative assay. Prior treatment with neuraminidase blocks the ability of other viruses to inhibit influenza virus hemagglutination.
94.
Hemagglutination-Inhibition: Rapid Assay for Neuraminic Acid-Containing Viruses
- Compans, Richard W.
Influenza virus particles bind rapidly to vesicular stomatitis, Sindbis, or Rauscher murine leukemia virus particles, forming mixed aggregates demonstrable by electron microscopy. The normal hemagglutinating property of influenza virus is inhibited by these viruses, providing a rapid quantitative assay. Prior treatment with neuraminidase blocks the ability of other viruses to inhibit influenza virus hemagglutination.
95.
Superinfection of Simian Virus 40-Transformed Permissive Cells with Simian Virus 40
- Barbanti-Brodano, Giuseppe; Swetly, Peter; Koprowski, Hilary
Evidence that the resistance of simian virus (SV40)-transformed permissive cells to superinfection with SV40 is due to lack of virus uptake is presented. When virus uptake is enhanced, the events of infection proceed as in normal permissive cells, resulting in production of infectious virus.
96.
Superinfection of Simian Virus 40-Transformed Permissive Cells with Simian Virus 40
- Barbanti-Brodano, Giuseppe; Swetly, Peter; Koprowski, Hilary
Evidence that the resistance of simian virus (SV40)-transformed permissive cells to superinfection with SV40 is due to lack of virus uptake is presented. When virus uptake is enhanced, the events of infection proceed as in normal permissive cells, resulting in production of infectious virus.
97.
A New Vaccinia Virus Intermediate Transcription Factor
- Sanz, Patrick; Moss, Bernard
Transcription of the vaccinia virus genome is mediated by a virus-encoded multisubunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in conjunction with early-, intermediate-, and late-stage-specific factors. Previous studies indicated that two virus-encoded proteins (capping enzyme and VITF-1) and one unidentified cellular protein (VITF-2) are required for specific transcription of an intermediate promoter template in vitro. We have now extensively purified an additional virus-induced intermediate transcription factor with a native mass of approximately 100 kDa.
98.
A New Vaccinia Virus Intermediate Transcription Factor
- Sanz, Patrick; Moss, Bernard
Transcription of the vaccinia virus genome is mediated by a virus-encoded multisubunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in conjunction with early-, intermediate-, and late-stage-specific factors. Previous studies indicated that two virus-encoded proteins (capping enzyme and VITF-1) and one unidentified cellular protein (VITF-2) are required for specific transcription of an intermediate promoter template in vitro. We have now extensively purified an additional virus-induced intermediate transcription factor with a native mass of approximately 100 kDa.
99.
Baboon Virus Isolate M-7 with Properties Similar to Feline Virus RD-114
- Hellman, Alfred; Peebles, Paul T.; Strickland, James E.; Fowler, Arnold K.; Kalter, S. S.; Oroszlan, S.; Gilden, R. V.
A virus (M-7) isolated from baboon placental tissue demonstrates many similarities to endogenous feline virus RD-114. Immunodiffusion analysis shows a group-specific antigen (gs-1) line of identity between M-7 and RD-114. Anti-RD-114 DNA polymerase IgG inhibits M-7 polymerase by 57% compared to 97% for RD-114. M-7 virus has helper activity as demonstrated by rescue of murine sarcoma virus (MSV) from sarcoma-positive leukemia-negative human amnion cells. The host range of the rescued M-7 pseudotype of MSV, MSV (M-7), is similar to that of RD-114 virus. MSV (M-7) is also able to transform baboon cells and causes no detectable transformation of feline cells...
100.
Serological Relationship of the Tacaribe Complex of Viruses to Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
- Rowe, Wallace P.; Pugh, Wendell E.; Webb, Patricia A.; Peters, Clarence J.
By means of the indirect fluorescent-antibody test, cross serological reactivity was demonstrated between lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus and the viruses of the Tacaribe complex. Antisera to all members of the Tacaribe complex reacted with LCM virus; LCM antisera gave significant staining of Amapari virus, but minimal or inconsistent reactions with Tacaribe virus, and no reaction with two other viruses of the Tacaribe complex. A low level cross-reaction was observed in complement fixation tests of Machupo and Pichinde antisera against LCM antigen. Immunization with Tacaribe and Amapari viruses did not protect mice against challenge with LCM virus. Because of the identical...
