181.
Compositional Semantics for Linguistic Formalisms
- Shuly Wintner
In what sense is a grammar the union of its
rules? This paper adapts the notion of composition,
well developed in the context of programming
languages, to the domain of linguistic
formalisms. We study alternative definitions
for the semantics of such formalisms, suggesting
a denotational semantics that we show to
be compositional and fully-abstract. This facilitates
a clear, mathematically sound way for
defining grammar modularity.
1 Introduction
Developing large scale grammars for natural
languages is a complicated task, and the problems
grammar engineers face when designing
broad-coverage grammars are reminiscent of
those tackled by software engineering (Erbach
and Uszkoreit, 1990). Viewing contemporary
linguistic formalisms as very high level declarative
programming languages, a grammar for a
natural language can be...
182.
Deep Search in Linguistic Geometry
- Boris Stilman
. This paper is a new step in the
development and application of the Linguistic
Geometry. We investigate heuristics extracted in the
form of hierarchical networks of planning paths of
autonomous agents. Employing Linguistic Geometry
tools the dynamic hierarchy of networks is
represented as a hierarchy of formal attribute
languages. The main ideas of this methodology are
shown in this paper on the new pilot example of the
solution of the extremely complex 2D optimization
problem for the autonomous vehicles for the
aerospace problem domain. This example
demonstrates the dramatic reduction of search in
comparison with conventional search algorithms.
multiagent goal-oriented systems should be
developed and investigated.
There are many such problems where human
expert skills in...
183.
A Linguistic Approach To Geometric Reasoning
- Boris Stilman
The objective of the research considered in this paper is to develop a theoretical foundation
for the representation of large-scale hierarchical complex systems, so-called Linguistic Geometry.
The research relies on the formalization of heuristics of high-skilled human experts which have
resulted in the development of successful decision support systems. This approach is based on a
broad application of the theory of formal languages and grammars as well as theories of formal
problem-solving and planning on the basis of the first-order predicate calculus. This paper reports
new results in the investigation of geometricalproperties of the first-level subsystems (paths of
elements) unified as Surface Linguistic Geometry. Theoretical constructions considered...
184.
Integrating Text Planning and Linguistic
- Robert Rubinoff
Introduction
Programs that generate natural language have generally been divided into two largely
independent components: a text planning component that organizes the information
to be expressed, and a linguistic component that converts the information into grammatical
sentences of some natural language (e.g., Thompson 1977; McKeown 1985;
McDonald 1983; Meteer 1989; Reithinger 1990; Dale 1989). This division seems natural,
and has indeed proven useful, because the two components deal with different kinds
of data and involve different kinds of reasoning. The planning component reasons
about information and text structures to plan a coherent discourse, while the linguistic
component arranges the lexical elements and syntactic constructions available in
some language to ensure...
185.
Linguistic Reflection in Java
- Graham Kirby,Ron Morrison,David Stemple
this paper is to show how this style of reflection may be
provided in the compiled, strongly typed language Java and used as a paradigm for program generation. In
particular, we describe how linguistic reflection may be used to build code Just-In-Time from a generic
specification.
186.
Linguistic Reflection in Java
- Graham Kirby,Ron Morrison,David Stemple
Reflective systems allow their own structures to be altered from within. Here we are concerned with a style of reflection, called linguistic reflection, which is the ability of a running program to generate new program fragments and to integrate these into its own execution. In particular we describe how this kind of reflection may be provided in the compiler-based, strongly typed object-oriented programming language Java. The advantages of the programming technique include attaining high levels of genericity and accommodating system evolution. These advantages are illustrated by an example taken from persistent programming which shows how linguistic reflection allows functionality (program...
187.
Towards Temporal Linguistic Variables
- Joe Halliwell,Qiang Shen
Although Fuzzy Logic has been successfully applied in many different problem domains, fuzzy solutions typically structure the problem task as one of static catagorisation. This may not be appropriate for dynamic systems, especially where higher-order information is unavailable. This paper proposes a novel approach to reasoning about dynamic systems drawing upon the first-order approach to temporal logic. A brief overview of the classical theory is provided and extended to a fuzzy theory modelling the inherent vagueness of linguistic terms such as "recently". The notion of temporal qualification is developed as a domain independent method for augmenting the term set of...
188.
The Use of Linguistic Preference Modelling Based on 2-Tuples and Heuristics Searches for Improving Enterprise Processes
- F. Herrera; E. López; L. Martínez
The processes carried out in an enterprise involve imprecise and vague information. An adequated approach to model this type of information is the use of the fuzzy linguistic approach. Sometimes besides of the modelled in these processes it is neccesary to apply heuristics methods to x a good solution in their denition space. In this contribution we shall use a new linguistic model representation based on 2-tuple that improves the precision in the processes of computing with words. Combining it with dierent heuristics as Genetic algorithms and Ant algorithms it wiil be possible to obtain better solutions than using the...
189.
The Origin of Linguistic Categories
- Luc Steels
The paper presents cognitive mechanisms and behavioral rules by
which a group of distributed autonomous agents may develop a joined
shared repertoire of grammatical conventions. The grammar includes an
emergent internal meta-level ontology which is exploited for tightening the
grammatical constraints. To illustrate the latter, it is shown how a prototypical
form for members of a syntactic category may gradually emerge,
thus making it easier to guess to which syntactic category an unknown
form belongs.
1 Introduction
There is a growing body of work exploring the idea that language can be viewed
as a complex adaptive system [8], [4]. The research explores formal models
of language use in evolving inhomogeneous populations...
190.
Cross-Linguistic Phoneme Correspondences
- Lynne Cahill,Carole Tiberius
Cross-linguistic phoneme correspondences, or metaphonemes
, can be defined across languages which are
relatively closely related in exactly the same way as correspondences
can be defined for dialects, or accents, of a
single language (e.g. O'Connor, 1973; Fitt, 2001). In this
paper we present the theory of metaphonemes, comparing
them with traditional archi- and morphophonemes as
well as with similar work using "keysymbols" done for
accents of English. We describe the metaphoneme inventory
defined for Dutch, English and German, comparing
the results for vowels and consonants. We also describe
some of the unexpected information that arose from the
analysis of cognate forms we undertook to find the metaphoneme
correspondences.
191.
La dimensión pragmática de la Lingüística de texto
- Sáiz Noeda, Belén
In this essay, I want to stress the relevance of Pragmatics to the evolution and consolidation of Text Linguistics from a comprehensive understanding of the text as a comunicative entity. The pragmatic dimension of Text Linguistics is essential and achieves its concreteness in the textual theories or models analyzed herein, all of which -especially those of Teun A. van Dijk and János S. Petofi- represent the most elaborate stage of Text Linguistics, namely due to the ultimate incorporation of the contextual (social and psycological) and communicative elements of language. Furthermore, it is through Pragmatics as an integration of both Syntax...
192.
Um processo para a geração de recursos lingüísticos aplicáveis em ferramentas de auxílio à escrita científica.
- Vanessa Silva Marquiafável
No ambiente acadêmico atual, a língua inglesa foi escolhida como a lingua franca daciência nas mais variadas áreas do conhecimento. No entanto, sabe-se que a tarefa deprodução de um texto científico adequado, no caso o artigo científico, não é fácil,principalmente se o escritor é iniciante nessa atividade e sua língua materna não é o inglês.Uma alternativa para esse problema é a utilização de ferramentas computacionais que apóiamas diferentes etapas do processo de escrita de um texto científico, cuja base seja formada pormaterial lingüístico autêntico coletado de artigos científicos publicados e indexados de formaa facilitar seu rápido acesso. Dentre essas ferramentas,...
193.
linguistic agents
- Natalia Komarova A; Partha Niyogi C
the mutual intelligibility of
194.
Linguistic Diversity and the Digital Divide
The paper starts by discussing the phenomenon of linguistic diversity,
going into some of the arguments for and against preserving diversity.
We then briefly turn to the problem of the digital divide and its relations
to linguistic diversity. This section is followed by a brief discussion of
some of the means to preserve diversity, ending up with a discussion of
the role of language technology and a suggestion for the development of
"language technological survival kits" or "language survival kits".
195.
On Group Decision Making Under Linguistic Preferences And Fuzzy Linguistic Quantifiers
- Francisco Herrera,J. Luis Verdegay
In this paper some results on group decision
making under linguistic preferences and fuzzy
linguistic quantifiers are presented. Assuming
a set of individual linguistic preferences -
representing the preferences of the particular
individuals- we develop a solution method for
the choice process. We define a linguistic ordered
weighted averaging operator, and use it
for deriving a collective linguistic preference
where the weights are defined using a fuzzy linguistic
quantifier. Finally, we use de concept of
nondominated alternatives for obtaning a set of
maximal nondominated alternatives from the
collective linguistic preference, that is, the solution
to the decision process.
Keywords: Group decision making, linguistic
preferences, linguistic quantifiers.
1. Introduction
Since human judgments including preferences
are often vague, fuzzy logic plays...
196.
On Group Decision Making Under Linguistic Preferences And Fuzzy Linguistic Quantifiers
- Francisco Herrera,J. Luis Verdegay
In this paper some results on group decision
making under linguistic preferences and fuzzy
linguistic quantifiers are presented. Assuming
a set of individual linguistic preferences -
representing the preferences of the particular
individuals- we develop a solution method for
the choice process. We define a linguistic ordered
weighted averaging operator, and use it
for deriving a collective linguistic preference
where the weights are defined using a fuzzy linguistic
quantifier. Finally, we use de concept of
nondominated alternatives for obtaning a set of
maximal nondominated alternatives from the
collective linguistic preference, that is, the solution
to the decision process.
Keywords: Group decision making, linguistic
preferences, linguistic quantifiers.
1. Introduction
Since human judgments including preferences
are often vague, fuzzy logic plays...
197.
On Group Decision Making Under Linguistic Preferences And Fuzzy Linguistic Quantifiers
- Francisco Herrera,J. Luis Verdegay
In this paper some results on group decision
making under linguistic preferences and fuzzy
linguistic quantifiers are presented. Assuming
a set of individual linguistic preferences -
representing the preferences of the particular
individuals- we develop a solution method for
the choice process. We define a linguistic ordered
weighted averaging operator, and use it
for deriving a collective linguistic preference
where the weights are defined using a fuzzy linguistic
quantifier. Finally, we use de concept of
nondominated alternatives for obtaning a set of
maximal nondominated alternatives from the
collective linguistic preference, that is, the solution
to the decision process.
Keywords: Group decision making, linguistic
preferences, linguistic quantifiers.
1. Introduction
Since human judgments including preferences
are often vague, fuzzy logic plays...
198.
On Group Decision Making Under Linguistic Preferences And Fuzzy Linguistic Quantifiers
- Francisco Herrera,J. Luis Verdegay
In this paper some results on group decision
making under linguistic preferences and fuzzy
linguistic quantifiers are presented. Assuming
a set of individual linguistic preferences -
representing the preferences of the particular
individuals- we develop a solution method for
the choice process. We define a linguistic ordered
weighted averaging operator, and use it
for deriving a collective linguistic preference
where the weights are defined using a fuzzy linguistic
quantifier. Finally, we use de concept of
nondominated alternatives for obtaning a set of
maximal nondominated alternatives from the
collective linguistic preference, that is, the solution
to the decision process.
Keywords: Group decision making, linguistic
preferences, linguistic quantifiers.
1. Introduction
Since human judgments including preferences
are often vague, fuzzy logic plays...
199.
The Impact of the Linguistic Phonics Approach on Childrens Reading, Writing & Spelling
- Gray, Colette; Behan, Sarah; Dunbar, Carol; Dunn, Jill; Ferguson, James; Mitchell, Denise
This study sought to evaluate the impact of the Linguistic Phonics approach on primary
pupils reading and writing performance and on post-primary pupils reading, writing and
spelling performance. Quantitative (standardised psychometric tests, a writing frame and questionnaire surveys) and qualitative (one to one, small group interviews and focus group discussions) research tools were utilized in this study. Employing a quasi-experimental design, each of the six primary and five post-primary schools involved in the Linguistic Phonics pilot (LPA) was matched, using a range of socio-demographic indicators, with a school not using this approach (nLPA). In total 916 pupils from 22 schools participated in...
200.
The Impact of the Linguistic Phonics Approach on Childrens Reading, Writing & Spelling
- Gray, Colette; Behan, Sarah; Dunbar, Carol; Dunn, Jill; Ferguson, James; Mitchell, Denise
This study sought to evaluate the impact of the Linguistic Phonics approach on primary
pupils reading and writing performance and on post-primary pupils reading, writing and
spelling performance. Quantitative (standardised psychometric tests, a writing frame and questionnaire surveys) and qualitative (one to one, small group interviews and focus group discussions) research tools were utilized in this study. Employing a quasi-experimental design, each of the six primary and five post-primary schools involved in the Linguistic Phonics pilot (LPA) was matched, using a range of socio-demographic indicators, with a school not using this approach (nLPA). In total 916 pupils from 22 schools participated in...
