Nomenclatura Unesco > (63) Sociología
Morales Carrizo, Silvia
En los últimos años, Argentina ha sido y es objeto de tensiones y debates que tienen lugar en un contexto de reformas. En este escenario, la ley de Reforma Laboral ha generado numerosas críticas. A partir de allí, la pregunta que surge es ¿cuáles son las controversias que emergen en el contexto de la reforma laboral Argentina (2017-2018)?. Para ello, el análisis discursivo a través de las propuestas de la Teoría del Actor Red y la Sociología de la Crítica, permiten descubrir cuáles son los temas más controversiales dentro de la red de relaciones entre el Estado, Empresa y Sociedad.
Blacha, Luis E.
La temprana inserción en el mercado internacional de la región pampeana, la coloca en una posición preponderante en el entramado productivo argentino. A partir de una apropiación social del espacio, este territorio se convierte en el principal productor de bienes agrarios del país. A partir de la idea de proceso de la sociología figuracional, este trabajo propone abordar las transformaciones sociales-productivas-ambientales del mundo rural pampeano. Se identifica un proceso agroalimentario, en donde los distintos sistemas agroindustriales se desarrollan de forma interdependiente, reflejando distintas escalas temporales y diversas apropiaciones del territorio. Los vínculos de poder, y su dependencia del saber, proponen...
Grima, José Manuel
La trata de personas asumió diversas formas a lo largo de la historia. Aquí se trata de comprender el escenario actual (capital en estadio neoliberal), al señalar los cambios operados en el mismo respecto del estadio precedente. Se propone un recorrido por tres apostillas, a modo de ensayo, sobre el margen del problema en cuestión. Un primer sendero sobre las interrogantes que postula la teoría de la colonialidad, en la reproducción de patrones de poder. La segunda parada apuesta a describir brevemente el rol del Estado-nación en el estadio neoliberal del capital, para cerrar con un análisis del pasaje hacia...
Alves, Anderson Machado R.
Esse artigo expõe as principais características das filosofias do dever moral e daquelas que explicam a ação humana a partir do sentimento moral. Essas filosofias são opostas em muitos pontos, mas coincidem na contraposição entre sentidos e razão humanos. Ambas as propostas filosóficas têm repercussões na Ética, no Direito e na Pedagogia, os quais acabam recebendo forte influência racionalista ou sentimentalista. Confrontamos esses dois sistemas com a atual “Ética das Virtudes”, a qual pretende sair do impasse surgido do debate entre as duas teorias anteriores a partir do redescobrimento de pensadores como Aristóteles e Santo Tomás de Aquino. Atualmente, a...
Ramírez Gallegos, Franklin; Stoessel, Soledad
La relación entre populismo e instituciones aparece como una de las cuestiones más espinosas de la “populismología” contemporánea. Este trabajo se inserta en dicho nexo a partir de la reconstrucción de las formulaciones que el liberalismo y el posmarxismo han efectuado al respecto. El primero sentencia la escasa disposición de los populismos para fortalecer las instituciones democráticas; el segundo considera que la materialización institucional de los populismos tiende a bloquear la lógica antagónica, a saber, el principio constitutivo de lo político. Así, enfatizando en una mirada dicotómica y de mutua exterioridad entre populismo e instituciones, la populismología dominante pierde de...
Lima, Luciana Leite; D'Ascenzi, Luciano
Municipalities have been expanding their activities in the formulation and implementation of local development public policies, an indicator of this proactivity is the creation of organizational structures specifically aimed at promoting this type of social change. In this context, the article intends to investigate these efforts, identifying the dynamics and structures that guide and permeate these policies. We examined the policy produced in Porto Alegre, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil, through the Office of Innovation and Technology, an organization created to foster innovation and scientific and technological development, perceived as a source of development. We used...
Canuto, João Carlos
The theme of this paper is the debate on principles and strategies for designing sustainable agricultural systems. The paper builds on a broad approach to principles, moving to the more specific approach to strategies and finalizing with a micro-scale perspective on the practice of drawings and the consequences of each possible option. The objective is first of
all to put to the debate the dialectic between conceptual plurality and unity in Agroecology. The problem in focus is to situate more clearly what are sustainable agroecosystems and, as a consequence, how to connect principles and strategies to make them viable. Regarding the...
Stamato, Beatriz; Moreira, Rodrigo Machado
This article, based on a theoretical and methodological approach, starts from the criticism made by the New Philosophy of Science and its influence on the Liberating Education in Brazil and Latin America, highlighting the growing relationship of popular participation and Agroecology. Going deep on the participation process and its strategies, the article goes beyond the “participatory tools” approach and the generality of participatory methodologies. From the convergence between critical science, liberating education, participatory action research and the agroecological paradigm, the text advances in the analysis of the relation of the dialogical process of the process of agroecological knowledge construction and...
Cotrim, Décio Souza
The present text approaches the transition that the professionals of the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension in Brazil points out, through the analysis of the experience of Dom Feliciano-RS, the possibility of the emergence of a space of change from a diffusionist perspective to a participatory extensionist action. The main objective of this work is to present the arenas of the Construction of Agroecological Knowledge- CCA as places of development of a "new professionalism" in rural extension. The theoretical reference that permeates the whole of the article is based on the Orientative Perspective by the Actors (LONG, 2001). Methodologically, semi-structured...
Diniz, Paulo Cesar Oliveira; Lima, Jorge Roberto Tavares de
This text seeks to reflect on the trajectory of social mobilization for the construction of the notion of coexistence with the semi-arid, from the decade of 1990. The coexistence of the human being with his environment is an essential dimension of Agroecology, having as perspective its maintenance and its Permanence. Hence it is also based on the concept of sustainable development and participation involving the various social actors. Mobilized in the Articulation in the Brazilian Semi-Arid, these social actors assume another dimension in the defense of public policies for the region and, thus, come into conflict with the political practice...
Pizzio da Silva, Alex
The promotion of social capital has been set up in one of the most recurring strategies, by the governments and international agencies, in the pursuit of poverty overcoming and the diminution of the social inequalities. The purpose of this article is demonstrate, through case study, the possibilities of ethnic social capital to be set up in a social transformation tool and at the same time being a local community development mechanism. This is a study conducted with indigenous women’s organization Masehual Siuamej Mosenyolchikauanij in Cuetzalan del Progreso, Mexico. The data presented here were obtained through ethnographic records during the first...
Jeronymo, Alexandre Cosme José; Guerra, Sinclair Mallet Guy
Troughout century XX public and private programs of rural electrification. These Programs had extended the access in the provision of the service, but did not attend the families residing in the rural districts and interested in the supply. This article recover the legislation for the brazilian rural electrification, highlights the institutional confusion caused by the different implemented programs simulaneously, Identifies the purchase of the infrastructure for provision of the service as an economic barriers for social stratum of the rural population access the supply. The programs PROLUZ (I and II), Luz da Terra and Luz no Campo had been selected,...
Mueller, Airton Adelar
During the decade 2000-2010 more than half of the municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil experienced an absolute reduction of its population, which happened particularly sharp in the northwest of the state. This phenomenon remains sparsely studied, especially regarding the underlying causes and implications for the development of communities as well as for individuals affected by it. This article seeks to remedy part of this gap by addressing the problem in light of Amartya Sen’s theoretical contributions, particularly by using his concept of Agency and the related notions of Power and Control. Based on evidences from the literature,...
Molina Iniesta, Mariano
El artículo trata de explicar el proyecto de reconstrucción de la
Catedral de Coventry tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial, a la luz de los
procesos de formación de la memoria colectiva estudiados por la
Sociología; pone de manifiesto el conflicto de intereses entre una comunidad
local deseosa de superar un pasado doloroso y una Nación interesada en
utilizar dicho pasado para elaborar una narrativa de victimización y
resurrección de todo el país. Por otra parte, presenta el proyecto de Coventry
como ejemplo de monumento admonitorio o mahnmal, popularizado en
aquel momento ante la incapacidad de sostener un relato de la guerra en
términos de valentía y honor
El espacio público despierta permanentemente el interés de los investigadores del fenómeno urbano y no resulta ajeno al debate ciudadano. Es un tema recurrente en el mundo del urbanismo y la arquitectura, pero también desde enfoques más propios del conjunto de las ciencias sociales, como la sociología, la antropología, la psicología social o la ciencia política. El presente libro, se centra en el análisis del espacio público que, en palabras del propio autor, es la ciudad en sí misma.
Javier Baeza, Alberto Enrico; Romero Rodríguez, Leticia del Carmen; Ricoy Robles, Carlos Mario
Actualmente la cantidad de nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC´s) que han aparecido en nuestra sociedad han sido bastantes. Esta presencia no ha sido sólo en la sociedad en general, sino que estos se han transformado en los contextos formativos, sobre todo universitarios y han reclamado un espacio para mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza.
Torres, Aída; Papa, Guzmán
A partir de la década de los 80, en el marco de la Sociología de la Educación, emerge un nuevo paradigma, en el cual el centro educativo es considerado como el ámbito de apropiación y resignificación de las políticas educativas en general. En tal sentido la realización efectiva de un proyecto de cambio exige considerar: a) el centro educativo como organización singular, b) la participación de los actores involucrados y c) un estilo de gestión institucional. Teniendo en cuenta estas dimensiones nos hemos preguntado cuál puede ser el sentido de la gestión y organización educativas, y en qué medida contribuyen...
Sabatini, Gaetano
Juan Carlos Garavaglia era convinto che mai si doveva
studiare la storia economica svincolata dalla storia sociale. Postulava che quella non debbe circoscriversi soltanto a
l’enumerazione di cifre astratte, ma è imprescindibile che
la disciplina presti speziale attenzione alle persone di
“carne ed ossa”, alle dinamiche sociali che informano ogni
processo storico. Sceglieva, quindi, sempre un punto di
vista multidisciplinario per le sue ricerche, attento ai
progressi de l’antropologia, la sociologia ed altre scienze
sociali. Su queste pagine si offre una ri5essione sopra come
lo storico capiva il suo mestiere, attraverso un percorso dei
sui principali lavori.
Monsma, Karl; Salla, Fernando Afonso; Teixeira, Alessandra
Historical sociology studies processes of social change and continuity, and reveals
the arbitrariness of many social arrangements. The classics of sociology focused on
processes of social change, and historical approaches predominated in interwar German
sociology, but they only reemerged with strength in the 1960’s and 1970’s in
the United States, where the new historical sociology focused on political and economic
structures. Starting in the 1980’s, the area engaged in dialogue with approaches
emphasizing the social construction of identities, subjectivities and collective
representations, such as oral history, feminism and post-colonial studies. Today, this
subfield resists reductionism and prioritizes the processual analysis of actors and
events, as well as interactions among...
Bridi, M.A.; Braga, Ruy; Santana, Marco Aurélio
This article seeks to outline the main discussions and themes on labor and working-
-class research in the Brazilian scenario of the last three decades in Brazil, organizing
it in three parts. In the first part, we outline the debate around the crisis of labor, the
changes in work and its configurations, as well as the debate on unionism and the
implications for this field of research. In the second part, we highlight the new themes
addressed by the field and some of its central themes in the recent period. In the last
part, we highlight the need for the Brazilian Labor Sociology agenda to be...